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The piping guide C C C C C C C C Cvised establishes a range of thin-walled sizes for stainless- steel pipe uids and -isespecially useful for handling corrosive or hazardous gases and I identi ?ed by schedules s and s These sizes are included in table P- d

C C C C C C C C Cvised establishes a range of thin-walled sizes for stainless- steel pipe uids and -isespecially useful for handling corrosive or hazardous gases and I identi ?ed by schedules s and s These sizes are included in table P- dilute mineral acids Plastics aye employed in three ways as all-plastic pipe as ' ?lled' plastic materials glass- ?ber-reinforced carbon- ?lled etc and as i MATERIALS FOR PIPE lining or coating materials Plastic pipe is made from polypropylene poly- I REFERENCES ethylene PE polybutylene PB polyvinyl chloride PVC acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene ABS cellulose acetatebutyrate CAB polyole ?ns and 'Metallic piping' Masek J A Chemical Engineering Jun - 'Materials of construction th Biennial CE Report' Aldrich C K Chemical Enqineering Nov polyesters Pipe made from polyester and epoxy resins is frequently glass ?ber-reinforced 'FRP' and commercial products of this type have good 'Lined pipe systems' a r d Chemical Engineering Jun - resistance to wear and chemical attack 'Non-metallic pipe promise and problems' Wright C E Chemical Engineering Jun - Engineering companies have materials engineers to determine materials to be used in piping systems Most pipe is of carbon steel and depending on service is manufactured to ASTM A- STEEL PlPE Straight-seam-welded and spiral-welded pipe is made from plate and seamiess pipe is made by piercing solid billets Carbon-steel pipe is strong ductile weldable machineable reasonably durable and is nearly always cheaper than pipe made from other materials If carbon-steel pipe can meet the requirements of pressure temperature corrosion resistance and hygiene i t is the natural choice The most readily-available carbon-steel pipe is made to ASTM A- in schedules STD and XS sizes in electric-resistance-welded Grade A and Grade -the latter grade has the higher tensile strength and in seamless Grades A and B constructions Common ?nishes are 'black' 'plain' or 'mill' ?nish and galvanized Most sizes and weights are also available in seamless carbon steel to ASTM A- which is a comparable speci ?cation to A- but prescribing more stringent tes ing Three grades of A- are available-Grades A B and C in order of increasing tensile strength Charts and indicate pipe - speci ?cations most used industrially Steel speci ?cations in other countries may correspond with USA speci ?- cations Some corresponding european standards for carbon steels and stainless teelsare listed in table - IRON pipe is made from cast-iron and ductile-iron The principal uses are for water gas and sewage lines Wrought-iron pipe is seldom employed OTHER METALS ALLOYS Pipe or tube made from copper lead nickel brass aluminum and various stainless steels can be readily obtained These materials are relatively expensive arid are selected usually either because of their pa ticularcorrosion resistance to the process chemical their good heat transfer or for their tensile strength at high temperatures Copper and c e p e r alloys are traditional for instrument lines food processing and heat transfer equipment but stainless steels are increasingly being used for these Grade C SM LS Grade B SMLS