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Health guide 1 Singapore General Hospital - Health Glossary - Pancreatic Cancer Page of Back to Health Glossary Index For Patients Visitors Patient Education Health Glossary Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic Cancer Contributed by Singapore General Hospital pri

Singapore General Hospital - Health Glossary - Pancreatic Cancer Page of Back to Health Glossary Index For Patients Visitors Patient Education Health Glossary Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic Cancer Contributed by Singapore General Hospital print friendly version Article Sections z Introduction z Causes z Symptoms z Diagnosis z Treatment z FAQs Introduction The pancreas lies between the stomach liver and the intestine It is made of types of glands - one produces insulin and the other hormones the other produces enzymes that help in digestion of food The glands that produce enzymes drain into ducts which in turn drain into the small intestine The cells of the enzyme producing glands can become cancerous How common is Pancreatic Cancer Although pancreatic cancer is common in the United States and accounts for the fourth most common cause of cancer death there pancreatic cancer is not as common here in Singapore The incidence of pancreatic cancer increases with age The vast majority of patients are aged between and years Risks and Causes The only known risk factor is smoking Alcohol and fat in diet have been implicated but not proven to cause pancreatic cancer Symptoms The symptoms of pancreatic cancer are generally vague and non- speci ?c Weight loss is one of the earliest symptoms Abdominal pain or jaundice yellowness of the whites of the eyes is not uncommon late in the disease http www sgh com sg ForPatientsnVisitors PatientEducation HealthGlossary PancreaticCancer htm - - CSingapore General Hospital - Health Glossary - Pancreatic Cancer Page of Diagnosis If pancreatic cancer was suspected the initial diagnostic test would be a CT or computerised scan of the abdomen It is able to detect any pancreatic mass greater than cm of the time Smaller tumours are more di ?cult to detect When a ?breoptic scope is used to look into the stomach and small intestine where the ducts of the pancreas drain the procedure is called an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography ERCP X-ray dye is injected into the ducts of the pancreas and x-rays taken of the pancreas Irregularities of the pancreatic ducts can then be seen Small pieces of tissue can also be biopsied during this procedure If the ducts are blocked a small plastic tube called a stent can be placed during this same procedure to bypass the block Potential complications of this procedure include infection of the pancreas and perforation of the small intestine A stent that is placed will need to be changed every to months because the stent can be blocked by normal secretions from the pancreas Clinical examinations x-rays and pathology reports all help the medical team decide what the progress of an individual case of pancreatic cancer may be Then the appropriate course of treatment will be put into action The treatment strategy will vary from person to person With prompt and appropriate treatment the outlook for a person with pancreatic cancer is fair Even with surgery about half of patients survive between to years The chance of surviving to years after