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This document has been a proved for use by agen- D cies of the Department of ef

This document has been a proved for use by agen- D cies of the Department of efense and for listing in the DoD Index of Specifications and Standards. ACI 515.1R-79 (Revised 1985) A Guide to the Use of Waterproofing, Dampproofing, Protective, and Decorative Barrier Systems for Concrete Reported by ACI Committee 515 Byron I. Zolin, Chairman Warner K. Babcock Clark R. Gunness Arthur E. Blackman, Sr. Kenneth A. Heffner Donald E. Brotherson A. L. Hendricks Robert W. Gaul James E. Kubanick Dorothy M. Lawrence Stella L. Marusin Charles J. Parise Charles O. Pratt Andrew Rossi, Jr. Donald L. Schlegel Lawrence E. Schwietz The revising committee is listed at the end of the document. This Guide updates and expands the scope of the committee report “Guide for the Protection of Con- crete Against Chemical Attack by Means of Coatings and Other Corrosion Resistant Materials,” which ap- peared in the December 1996 ACI JOURNAL. The pre- vious Guide has been revised and is found in Chapter 6 of this Guide entitled “Protective Barrier Systems.” In addition, there are new chapters on “Waterproofing Barrier Systems,” “Dampproofing Barrier Systems,” and “Decorative Barrier Systems.” A separate chapter on conditioning and surface preparation of concrete is included because it is rele- vant to all the other chapters. This Guide is not to be referenced as a complete unit. Keywords: abrasive blasting; acid treatment (concrete); acid resistance; ad- hesion; asphalts; chemical attack; chemical cleaning; coatings; concrete bricks; concretes; detergents; emulsifying agents; epoxy resins; finishes; furan resins; glass fibers; inspection; joint sealers; latex (rubber); mortars [materials); paints; phenolic resins; plastics, polymers, and resins; polyester resins; polyurethane resins; protective coatings; repairs; sealers; silicates; sulfur; surfactants; temperature; tests; vaporbarriers; waterproofing. Foreword ACI Committee 515 was organized in 1936 and pub- lished a report “Guide for the Protection of Concrete Against Chemical Attack by Means of Coatings and Other Corrosion Resistant Materials,” in the De- ACI Committee Reports, Guides, Standard Practices, and Commen- taries are intended for guidance in designing, planning, executing, or inspecting construction, and in preparing specifications. Refer- ence to these documents shall not be made in the Project Docu- ments. If items found in these documents are desired to be part of the Project Documents, they should be incorporated directly into the Project Documents. cember 1966 ACI JOURNAL. William H. Kuenning was chairman when this Guide was published. Albert M. Levy was chairman from 1974 to 1977 when some of the information, found in the chapters on “Water- proofing Barrier Systems” and “Dampproofing Bar- rier Systems,” was developed. CONTENTS Chapter l-Introduction, page 515.lR-2 l . l -General discussion 1.2-The systems concept for barriers 1.3-Barrier performance difficult to define 1.4-Economic factors for barrier selection 1.5-Inspection during application 1.6-Safety requirements Chapter 2-Barrier systems: types and performance requirements, page 515.1R-3 2.1-Definitions of barrier systems 2.2-When waterproofing is used 2.3-When dampproofing is used 2.4-When protective barrier systems are used 2.5-Susceptibility of concrete to attack by chemicals 2.6-When decorative painting barrier systems are used Chapter 3-Concrete conditioning and surface preparation, page 515.1R-12 3.1-General requirements 3.2-Repair of surface defects 3.3-Stopping or rerouting of water 3.4-Surface preparation Copyright O c 1986, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved includ- ing rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by any electronic or mechan- ical device, printed or written or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. COPYRIGHT 2003; ACI International (American Concrete Institute) 1È=, Document provided by IHS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100, User=, 01/21/2003 01:52:40 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Management Group at 1-800-451-1584. --```,`,,`,``,,``````,`,````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- 515.1R-2 MANUAL OF CONCRETE PRACTICE Chapter 4-Waterproofing barrier systems, page 515.1R-18 4.1-Characteristics of waterproofing 4.2-Guide to selection 4.3-Design and application 4.4-Inspection and sampling 4.5-Preconstruction conference checklist Chapter 5-Dampproofing barrier systems, page 515.1R-29 5.1-Characteristics of dampproofing 5.2-Guide to selection of dampproofing barriers 5.3-Application Chapter 6-Protective barrier systems, page 515.1R-30 6.1-Characteristics of a protective barrier system 6.2-Elements of a protective barrier system 6.3-Guide for selection of protective barrier systems 6.4-Description of barrier materials 6.5-Special composite barriers 6.6-Testing of completed barrier systems Chapter 7-Decorative paint barrier systems, page 515.1R-38 7.1-Characteristics of decorative paint systems 7.2-Guide to selection of decorative paints 7.3-Types of paints 7.4-Painting procedures 7.5-Repainting procedures CHAPTER 1-INTRODUCTION 1. 1 -General discussion Many concrete structures are designed and built to (1) contain water within the structure, or (2) main- tain dry conditions within the structure when it is subject to water conditions on the outside. Since concrete is not always completely impermeable to water and since concrete may sometimes develop cracks after placement, it is sometimes necessary to cover the surface with a barrier material to meet these requirements. In this Guide, they will be iden- tified as waterproofing barrier systems (Chapter 4) and dampproofing barrier systems (Chapter 5). See definitions in Sections 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 and discus- sion in Sections 2.2 and 2.3. Some concrete structures may be subjected to chemical attack on one or more surfaces by water, acids, alkalies, salt solutions, or a wide variety of organic chemicals. Damage may be merely surface discoloration or surface roughening, or it may be as catastrophic as acid attack with the resulting loss of structural integrity. The affected surfaces are gener- ally covered with barrier materials. These materials with the supporting concrete are designated in Chap- ter 6 of this Guide as protective barrier systems. See discussion in Sections 1.2, 2.4, and 2.5. Some concrete surfaces require a change in color for esthetic reasons. A wide variety of paints are commercially available for this purpose. In this Guide they will be called decorative paint barrier systems (Chapter 7). See Sections 2.1.4 and 2.6. All the barrier systems discussed in this Guide will be limited to those that are made up of poly- meric cementitious and ceramic materials. 1.2-The systems concept for barriers To understand the factors affecting the perform- ance of the various barrier systems, it is necessary to consider them not isolated but as part of a whole. As an example, consider a protective coating system for a concrete structure below grade; the specific ele- ments are: the barrier material, the interface of the barrier and concrete surface, concrete to a depth of % in. (6 mm), the remainder of the concrete, the sta- bility of the ground supporting it, and the ground water pressures (see Section 6.2 for more details). Awareness of the systems concept will make one appreciate that selection of a barrier material is only one of many interrelated steps necessary to insure satisfactory performance. Equally important are placement, consolidation curing of the concrete, sur- face cleanliness, surface preparation, application procedures, and inspection. A decision whether to use a barrier and its selec- tion should be made when the concrete structure is being designed. Configuration of the structure, con- struction methods, and job sequencing can affect barrier installation and quality. Barrier penetrations can be minimized and the barrier aspects of the job will be better planned. Placement and curing of the concrete should be in accordance with ACI 304 and ACI 308.415 This should be followed by the appropriate surface preparation to remove any weak concrete, laitance, and foreign ma- terial. This Guide will provide the best available informa- tion to assist in the selection, placement, installation and inspection of these barrier systems. Suggestions for the design and fabrication of the concrete struc- tures that are to receive a barrier system will also be included. The goal of this Guide is to make the reader aware of the factors insuring satisfactory bar- rier performance. 1.3-Barrier performance difficult to define There are no formulae, such as those available to designers of concrete structures, that can be used in the selection, placement, application, and inspec- tion of barrier systems because many of the factors affecting barrier performance are difficult to define and are intangible factors. Structural engineers intro- duce strength reduction factors, load factors, and fac- tors of safety into their design formulae to allow for variations in manufacturing or construction, and to compensate for those aspects of the design that can- not be precisely predicted. Surface cleanliness is a major factor affecting ad- hesion and subsequent performance of the barrier system, and yet we are unable to quantify it. The reader should be aware that the application of a bar- rier system is really an art not a science. Once this is COPYRIGHT 2003; ACI International (American Concrete Institute) 1È=, Document provided by IHS Licensee=Aramco HQ/9980755100, User=, 01/21/2003 01:52:40 MST Questions or comments about this message: please call the Document Policy Management Group at 1-800-451-1584. --```,`,,`,``,,``````,`,````,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- SURFACE BARRIER SYSTEMS 515.1R-3 recognized, action as outlined in this Guide can be tional Bureau of Standards.3 Also, the barrier taken to make sure the barrier system will meet the manufacturer should be contacted for recommenda- performance expectations of the owner or agency. tions. 1.4-Economic factors for barrier selection References It is important uploads/s1/ guide-waterproofing.pdf