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1 APA Style Guide 6th edition Contents • Why Should You Acknowledge Your Source

1 APA Style Guide 6th edition Contents • Why Should You Acknowledge Your Sources? • Why Use APA Style? • Citation Reference in the Text. • Reference List. 2 3 References References Main Body Main Body Abstract Abstract General Format Title page Title page Your essay should include four major sections: 5 Title Page P a g e h e a d e r : ( u s e I n s e r t P a g e H e a d e r ) t i t l e fl u s h l e f t + p a g e n u mb e r fl u s h r i g h t . T i t l e : ( i n t h e u p p e r h a l f o f t h e p a g e , c e n t e r e d ) n a me ( n o t i t l e o r d e g r e e ) + a ffil i a t i o n ( u n i v e r s i t y , e t c . ) Abstract Page P a g e h e a d e r : d o N O T i n c l u d e “ R u n n i n g h e a d : ” A b s t r a c t : c e n t e r e d , a t t h e t o p o f t h e p a g e Write a 150- to 250- word summary of your paper in an accurate, concise, and specific manner. What is APA? The American Psychological Association (APA) citation style is the most commonly used format for manuscripts in the social sciences. APA regulates: • Stylistics • In-text citations • References 9 APA Publication Manual For complete and thorough information about using APA style, go straight to the source. Copies of the Publication Manual of the APA are available in KU’s Library in Gurkho, lalitpur 10 Web Site for APA http://apastyle.apa.org 11 • Citations reflect the careful and thorough work you have put into locating and exploring your sources. • Citations are a courtesy to the reader, who may share your interest in a particular area of scholarship. Why should you acknowledge your sources? 12 • By citing sources, you demonstrate your integrity and skill as a responsible participant in the conversation of scholarship. • Failure to provide adequate citations constitutes plagiarism. Why should you acknowledge your sources? Why Use APA Style? 13 • This is the most common format for documenting sources. • This format is widely used for course papers and journal articles in Psychology and also in the social sciences, education, engineering, and business. Part 1: What is APA In-Text Citations 14 • Use of a parenthetical reference system in the text of the paper. All in-text parenthetical references must correspond to a source cited in the References list. • Tied to an alphabetical References list (located at the end of your paper) • Use author-date system of citation REMEMBER 15 APA requires double-spacing between ALL text lines – that includes references. Please note that, in an attempt to save space, this guide has been formatted in single spacing. APA In-Text Citations One Work by One Author (p.174-175) 16 Example: References (at the end of your paper) Taylor, M. M. (2000). Study of personalities and character. Journal of Psychology, 93 (1), 257-267. Example: Reference in the text: According to Taylor (2000), the personalities of … OR, you may write like this: In a study of personalities and character (Taylor, 2000) … One Work by One Author (Cont.) Cite by author and year only even when reference includes month or date: 17 Example: References (at the end of your paper) Mak, J. (2006, October 4). More public holidays for workers. The Star, p. N6. Example: Reference in the text: Mak (2006) found workers are happier … APA In-Text Citations One Work by Two authors (p. 175-176) 18 Example: References (at the end of your paper) Serlin, R. C., & Lapsley, D. K. (1985). Rationality in psychological research: The good-enough principle. American Psychologist, 40, 73-83. Example: Reference in the text: Serlin and Lapsley (1985) discovered the problems … OR, you may write like this: • Always cite both names every time the reference occurs in text. • Use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text, Use "&" in the parentheses. A survey on the problems in … (Serlin & Lapsley, 1985) APA In-Text Citations One Work by Multiple authors (3-7 authors) (p.175-176) 19 Example: References (at the end of your paper - List all authors) Skinner, M. E., Cornell, R. C., Sun, K. F., & Harlow, R. P. (1993). Small group learning, Psychological Bulletin, 26, 57-63. Example: Reference in the text: Skinner, Cornell, Sun, and Harlow(1993)found… (Use as 1st citation in text) Skinner et al. also found … (Omit year from subsequent citations after 1st citation within a paragraph) Skinner et al. (1993) found … (Use as subsequent 1st citation per paragraph thereafter) APA In-Text Citations • For works with 8 or more authors, the 1st citation & subsequent citations use first author et al. and year. • et al means “and others” 20 Example: References (at the end of your paper) - [List the first six authors, … and the last author] Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., … Rubin, L. H. (2000). An experimental evaluation of theory-based mother and mother-child programs for children of divorce. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 843-856. Example: Reference in the text: Wolchik et al. (2000) studied the use of … 8 or More Authors (p. 175-176) APA In-Text Citations If group author is easily identified by its abbreviation, you may abbreviate the name in the second and subsequent citations: 21 Groups as Authors (p. 176) ) Write down corporate author in full every time if the abbreviation is NOT common. Examples: 1st citation: Ministry of Education [MOE], 2001) Example: (University of Pittsburg, 1998) Subsequent text citation: (MOE, 2001) APA In-Text Citations Works With No Author (p. 176-177) 22 Example: References (at the end of your paper) Alcohol and the risk of cancer. (2006, October 10). The Straits Times, p. 32. • Cite the first few words of the reference list entry Example: Reference in the text: Many mentally ill drinkers seek the help from… (“Alcohol and the risk,” 2006). • Usually the title of the article or newspaper • And the year • Use “ ” and italics APA In-Text Citations Authors With the Same Surname (p. 176-177) 23 Example: References (at the end of your paper) Young, J. (1989). The Purification Plan. New York: Rodale Books. Young, E. (1990). Caring for the Vulnerable. London: Jones and Bartlett. Example: Reference in the text: Research by J. Young (1989) revealed that . . . Survey by E. Young (1990) proved that … • Use initials with the last names if your reference list includes two or more authors with the same last name. APA In-Text Citations Secondary Sources (p. 178-179) Example: Reference in the text: Irene and John’s study (as cited in Tornhill, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993) 24 Example: References (at the end of your paper) Tornhill, M., Curtis, B. Atkins, P., & Haller, M. (1993). Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed- processing approaches. Psychological Review, 100, 589-608. • Give the secondary source in the reference list. • In text, name the original work, and give a citation for the secondary source. APA In-Text Citations Directly quote - include the author, year of publication, and the page number. 25 Example: References (at the end of your paper) Jones, L. (2004). How to research. London: Open University Press. Quotations - Short Quotes (< 40 words) (p.170-171) Example: Reference in the text: According to Jones (2004), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199). APA In-Text Citations Example: Reference in the text: We agree with Obrue (2002), who concluded: Neurofeedback is perhaps best viewed not as an alternative to conventional psychopharmacological agents but rather… (p. 8). 26 Example: References (at the end of your paper) Obrue, K. (2002). Neurofeedback practice. New York: McGraw- Hill. Quotations - Long Quotes (> 40 words) (p.170-171) • Use block form, indent 5 spaces for entire quote • Use double space and Do not use “ ” • Use … to indicate omitted words APA In-Text Citations Part 2: Formatting Your Reference List 27 The Basics ● APA requires a hanging indent for its citations. ● Please be sure to use double space citations. ● Documents only sources used in research and preparation. ● Alphabetize the works. 28 Pay Specific Attention to: ● Consistency in how you apply APA. ● uploads/s3/ apa-style-guide 1 .pdf