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Referencing What is Referencing? Referencing is providing information on the so

Referencing What is Referencing? Referencing is providing information on the sources that you have used. You need to reference your sources in the text of your assignment, this is called in-text citation, and provide a reference list at the end of your assignment. In the Harvard Northumbria style, references are listed in alphabetical order. What is a Bibliography? A bibliography includes all the material used in the preparation of your work. It will therefore include your entire reference list as well as any other material you’ve read or used but haven’t referred to directly. It is written in the same format as your reference list. Harvard Northumbria Harvard Northumbria is the accepted referencing style of the University in line with ‘Cite them right: the essential guide to referencing and plagiarism’. Referencing a book When writing a book reference, use the order and punctuation as shown below. The Author(s) will appear first, followed by year, title, edition (only include the book’s edition if it’s later than the first edition), place and publisher. Referencing a printed journal article For a journal reference, use the order shown below: author(s), year, article title, journal title, issue information and page numbers. Issue information is the volume of the journal followed by the part number in brackets. In some cases, the issue information may be a month or even a season. ‘pp.’ is the abbreviation for ‘pages’. Bremmer, I. & Zakaria, F. (2006) ‘Hedging political risk in China’, Harvard Business Review, 84 (11), pp. 22-25. Italics Author(s) Year of publication Article title Page numbers Journal title Issue information Fowkes, B. (1995) The rise and fall of communism in Eastern Europe. 2nd edn. Hampshire: Macmillan. Brackets Italics Colon Year of publication Title Edition Place of publication Publisher Author Comma Full stop Comma Full stop Referencing an electronic journal article If you read the article from an electronic source, you reference it as you would a print journal but include the electronic journal collection eg Swetwise or EBSCO, the website address and the most recent date that you accessed it. Mustard, S. (2007) ‘Communications conundrum’, Computing & Control Engineering, 18(2), pp.16-17. EBSCO [Online]. Available at: http://search.ebscohost.com (Accessed: 12 June 2007). Brackets Access date Year of publication Article title Page numbers Journal title URL Name of collection [Online] Author(s) Quick guide to Full stop Full stop Full stop Comma Brackets Quotation marks Full stop Quotation marks Italics Issue information Full stop Comma This leaflet is available in other formats on request. March 2009 Nielson (2000, p.85) argues against using frames in website design and goes on to say that if frames have to be used then they should be used sparingly. The BBC News (2008) website is a well respected site that uses a clear navigation structure without frames. Websites should be treated as ‘electronic storefronts’ (Winter, Saunders & Hart, 2003) and as such it’s important to ensure that the website is usable and easy to navigate. References BBC News (2007) Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk. (Accessed: 10 May 2008). Nielson, J. (2000) Designing web usability. Indiana: New Riders Publishing. Winter, S.J., Saunders, C. & Hart, P. (2003) ‘Electronic window dressing: impressing management with websites’, European Journal of Information Systems, 12 (4), pp. 309-322. Reference list (alphabetical order) In-text citation In-text citation In-text citation website journal article book Secondary Referencing Take your information from what you have actually read. If you can’t read the original source, only what another author has written about it, then give a secondary reference. Remember, you are relying on the author you are reading giving an accurate representation of the original work – this may not always be the case! You must be clear in your text that you have not read the original source and are referring to it from a secondary source. For example, you could say: A description of education in the 1930s by Ella Ruth Boyce (Santer, Griffiths & Goodall 2007, p.8) is very interesting because… Santer, J., Griffiths, C. & Goodall, D. (2007) Free play in early childhood: a literature review. London: National Children’s Bureau. Help with Referencing If you would like further help with referencing you can consult Skills Plus, for more information see www.northumbria.ac.uk/skillsplus. You can also email your enquiry to ask4help@northumbria.ac.uk where our staff will be happy to help you. In-text citations Examples of in-text citations and a reference list for a website, book and journal article: Referencing a web page In some cases, it is not possible to identify the author of a webpage. In these cases, you should use the apparent title of the website instead of the author. Nielson, J. (2007) Jakob Nielsen's website. Available at: http://www.useit.com/ (Accessed: 12 May 2008). Author(s) Year of publication Website title Website URL Access date Italics Comma Full stop You have not read Ella Ruth Boyce so you will not cite it in your reference list. You have read Santer, Griffiths & Goodall so you will cite it in your reference list. Full stop Full stop Colon ‘Cite them right’ contains in depth guidance on referencing and avoiding plagiarism, including many detailed examples of in-text and reference list citations. You can purchase a copy of ‘Cite them right’ from the library shop in City Campus or from the customer support desk in Coach Lane Campus Library or view it online at: www.northumbria.ac.uk/cite. There are also reference copies of ‘Cite them right’ available for use in the Libraries. Pears, R. & Shields, G. (2005) Cite them right: The essential guide to referencing and plagiarism. 2nd edn. Newcastle upon Tyne: Pear Tree Books. uploads/s3/ referencing-quick-guide.pdf