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Research in Creative Arts Therapies: When Counselling and the Arts Meet La rech

Research in Creative Arts Therapies: When Counselling and the Arts Meet La recherche sur les thérapies par les arts créatifs : rencontre entre le counseling et les arts M. Melody Newcomb Winnipeg, Manitoba Isabel M. Centeno Monterrey, Mexico abstract The focus of this special issue of Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy is on the use of arts in counselling. Considerations are given to creative arts therapists and to professional counsellors who use creative arts interventions in their practice. Issues regarding research involving arts practice are raised, and the ethics of practition- ers and the ways in which art is part of research are discussed. Studies are presented involving a variety of populations covering the lifespan of children, young adults, and older adults and including Indigenous residential school survivors. Various art practices are also used, including art therapy, music therapy, sand tray therapy, play therapy, theatre creation, writing, and creative practices embedded in Indigenous cultures. The arts are integral to life, and their application in counselling, treatment, and research needs to be done thoughtfully and responsibly. Collaboration among creative arts therapists, artists, counsellors, and researchers can only benefit those we serve. We conclude the introduction with an overview of the 11 articles that make up this special issue. résumé Ce numéro spécial de la Revue canadienne de counseling et de psychothérapie a pour thème principal le recours aux arts en counseling. On y prend en compte les thé- rapeutes en arts créatifs et les conseillers professionnels qui ont recours à des interven- tions par les arts créatifs dans le cadre de leur pratique. On y souligne les enjeux liés à la recherche sur les pratiques fondées sur les arts ainsi que les questions d’éthique chez les praticiens, et on y discute des façons dont l’art peut s’inscrire comme une composante de la recherche. On présente des études portant sur diverses populations, en couvrant les étapes de vie allant de l’enfance aux jeunes adultes et aux aînés, y compris des survivants des pensionnats autochtones. On utilise aussi diverses pratiques fondées sur l’art, notamment l’art-thérapie, la musicothérapie, la thérapie par le jeu de sable, la thérapie par le jeu, la création théâtrale, l’écriture et des pratiques créa- tives issues des cultures autochtones. Les arts font partie intégrante de la vie et leur application en counseling, dans le traitement et dans la recherche, doit s’effectuer de 188 Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy / Revue canadienne de counseling et de psychothérapie ISSN 0826-3893 Vol. 54 No. 3 © 2020 Pages 188–196 Introduction to Creative Arts Issue 189 façon réfléchie et responsable. La collaboration entre les thérapeutes ayant recours aux arts créatifs, les artistes, les conseillers et les chercheurs ne peut qu’être bénéfique aux personnes que nous desservons. Pour conclure l’introduction, nous présentons un aperçu des 11 articles qui composent ce numéro spécial. The therapeutic power of art rests not in its elimination of suffering but rather in its capacity to hold us in the midst of that suffering so that we can bear the chaos without denial or flight. (Levine, 1999, p. 31) In the fall of 2018, the board of the Creative Arts in Counselling and Psycho- therapy Chapter of the Canadian Counselling and Psychotherapy Association (CCPA) proposed to publish research in the creative arts therapies. As special projects coordinator, Melody Newcomb was tasked with contacting Dr. Kevin Alderson, editor of Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy. He gra- ciously accepted the proposal, and the process of bringing this issue to publication began. Isabel Centeno and Ingrid Wissink answered the call for an editorial team. Ingrid was most helpful in the initial stages of this journey, and her contribution is appreciated. We (Isabel and Melody) have completed this journey, enriched by the experience of editing, supported by Dr. Alderson and his able assistant, Heather Zabawski, and by the work of the authors included in this issue. The use of the arts in the context of counselling happens frequently: hand- ing a child markers and paper and asking them to draw what they remember, listening with a young person to the lyrics of a favourite song, and witnessing the poetry arising from a person’s grief. Many counsellors may not even consider this to be part of “the arts,” thinking it is merely another tool for expression during the therapeutic journey. However, there is increasing recognition that “engaging with the arts is not just the purview of the talented or the quirky and the arts are proving increasingly vital as an avenue for healing” (Lengelle et al., 2020, p. 1). Arts as expression is not new; it has been used since the beginning of human history as a medium for communicating thoughts, feelings, and ideas. During the 1930s and 1940s, creative arts therapies became more widely known as help- ful for people with mental illness. Professional organizations for practitioners and training programs in the disciplines of art, music, dance movement, drama, poetry, and later sand tray therapy and play therapy were developed (Malchiodi, 2005, pp. 5–6). This rise of professional associations and training programs for creative arts therapies took place in Canada starting in the 1970s. In the hands of a trained practitioner, the arts are employed to meet therapeutic goals and to promote growth and well-being. Within the arts, it is recognized that in the embodied creative process, understanding, growth, and healing are possible (see the appendix for definitions). 190 M. Melody Newcomb and Isabel M. Centeno We can identify two ways of describing the intersection of the arts and therapy, both of which are valid. One is the use of the arts as an expressive tool adjunct to the traditional talk therapy process. The other is expressive therapy as a wholly creative and curative process with its own particular goals. The role of the arts is different in these two processes, and so are the training and the expertise required of the practitioner. In the present issue, the focus is on the arts as the primary therapeutic process. The research articulates the results of that process on different populations using a variety of art forms. As in other, less traditional counselling fields, more research needs to be done, but these papers make us proud and grateful to be involved in this visionary editorial project. The articles presented in this issue challenge the assumption that counsellors and artists are different categories of professionals As Von Stackelberg (2019) wrote regarding the broadening of our future perspectives, “The big realization that’s coming over the next decade is how important creative expression is for health, and that everyone should do some sort of creative work as close to daily as possible” (as cited in Lengelle et al., 2020, p. 1). The authors of the articles in this issue include counselling professionals who use the arts in their practice, trained creative arts therapists who work alone or with other professionals, and artists who find value in using their art practice to help others. These articles cover most of the lifespan from children to older adults. Mindful of the World Health Organization’s (n.d.) definition of health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity,” the most accepted and person-centred biopsychosocial definition of the term, we invite you to read the work done by these researchers and to explore the possibilities that the arts and counselling can bring to our clients when both disciplines work together. To begin this exploration, Erin L. Kuri wrestles with issues arising from the intersection of the arts and research in “Ethics in Arts-Based Research: Drawing on the Strengths of Creative Arts Therapists.” These issues include the inher- ent uncertainty about the creative process, the range of people involved in the research at different capacities, how the arts are incorporated, and the attendant risks involved in blending research and the arts. She points out that creative arts therapists are trained in the ethical use of self with clients, art materials, and works produced, and therefore they have a great deal to offer any research effort. Creative activities and play are second nature to children. Beer et al., Simmons, and De Little turn their attention to ways to use these activities intentionally for skill development and healing. In “Prosocial Behaviors in a Creative Arts Day Camp for Children With and Without Special Needs: A Mixed-Methods Study,” Laura Beer, Mary Andrus, and Jordan Hubchik demonstrate the use of art and music therapy to achieve treatment goals in evaluating the impact of participation in a day camp on the development of prosocial skills in special needs children. Introduction to Creative Arts Issue 191 Students of art and music therapy, faculty, and clinical supervisors formed the research team, and the creative arts were used as a primary therapeutic interven- tion. Play is the way children express their inner world, and Johanna Simmons has chosen to draw upon synergetic play therapy in “Moving Toward Regulation Using Synergetic Play Therapy.” This approach combines interpersonal neuro- biology, attachment theory, nervous uploads/s3/ research-in-creative-arts-therapieswhen-counselling-and-the-arts-meet 1 .pdf