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1 IMC451: RETRIEVAL TOOLS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, we would like to

1 IMC451: RETRIEVAL TOOLS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, we would like to show our gratitude to Allah SWT for His Mercy and Guidance in giving us the full strength to complete this “Retrieval Tool” task. We would like to express our deepest appreciation to all those who provided us the possibility to complete this task. Even facing with some difficulties in completing this task, we still managed to complete it. We also would like to thank to our lecturer of this assignment, Noor Zaidi Bin Sahid for the valuable guidance and advice. He inspired us greatly to work in this assignment. His willingness to motivate us contributed tremendously to our assignment. We also would like to thank him for showing us some example that related to the topic of our assignment. Besides, we would like to thank Perpustakaan Raja Tun Uda (PPAS) and Perpustakaan Tun Abdul Razak (PTAR) for providing us with a good environment and facilities to complete this project. In addition, we would also like to thank our classmates which provide us valuable information as the guidance of our assignment. Finally, an honorable mention goes to our families and friends for their understandings and supports on us in completing this assignment. Without helps of the particular that mentioned above, we would face many difficulties while doing this. In addition, grateful acknowledgement to all of our friends who never give up in giving their support to us in all aspects of life. Thank you very much to our friends, we will never forget all of your kindness. 2 IMC451: RETRIEVAL TOOLS INTRODUCTION Retrieval tools are systems created for retrieving information. They are designed to help users find, identify, select, and obtain information resources of all types. Retrieval tools are essential as basic building blocks for a system that will organize as much of the world’s recorded information as possible. Paul Otlet and Henri LaFontaine dream of being able to provide access to all recorded information that has existed since 1892, so they organized a conference to create Universal Bibliographic Control (UBC). They wanted to create a central file that would include surrogate records particularly for scientific journals of the world. As UBC evolved throughout the twentieth century, it came to mean that each country of the world would be responsible for creation of surrogate records for its information recources and would share those surrogate records with all other countries. The concept was extended also to authority control of the headings for names and titles used as access points. Example of the retrieval tools are the bibliographies, catalogs, indexes, finding aids, registers and search engine and directories. In this task, we will be explaining more about bibliographies. The arrangement, the order and formatting, the types of bibliographies and the differences between bibliographies and reference are included in this task to gain more information about bibliographies. 3 IMC451: RETRIEVAL TOOLS WHAT IS BIBLIOGRAPHY? A bibliography is a list of books, scholarly articles, speeches, private records, diaries, interviews, laws, letters, websites, and other sources you use when researching a topic and writing a paper. The bibliography appears at the end. The main purpose of a bibliography entry is to give credit to authors whose work you've consulted in your research. It also makes it easy for a reader to find out more about your topic by delving into the research that you used to write your paper. The bibliography is the key element of a assignment which is used to judge the quality of the work done by the researcher. Therefore, use up-to-date resources and be sure you know how to cite the references. Please do not ignore the nuances of a bibliography. It exhibits your critical thinking, it proves you have read and understood your sources, it establishes your work as a valid source and you as a competent researcher, and it situates your study and topic in a continuing professional conversation. And lastly, your bibliography might stimulate other researchers to carry on further work on your chosen topic of research. 4 IMC451: RETRIEVAL TOOLS STYLES OF BIBLIOGRAPHY There are various styles used in the creation of bibliographies such as: 1. APA (American Psychological Association)  APA style referred by American Psychological Association. This style is used in social sciences and being use because it is our field nature. Primarily used in academic settings for research papers among university students and faculty.  Follow this format while citing book with one author using APA style:  Author  Year  Title  Place of Publication  Publisher Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Year) . Title (italicized) . Place of publication: Publisher. Spielberg, S. (2010). Creative Writing. Boston, MA: Bedford/St.Martin’s. 2. MLA (Modern Language Association)  MLA style is a modern language. It is used in English and humanities. Commonly used in many areas of academic writing, particularly in the humanities. It is a system documenting sources in scholarly writing.  Follow this format while citing book with one author using MLA style:  Author  Title 5 IMC451: RETRIEVAL TOOLS  Publisher  Date of Publication Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title(italicized). Publisher, Date. Hall,Thomas A. Court Cases. FT Press, 2010. 3. Chicago Manual of Style  Chicago style is a geographical and region language. Most text written in History use Chicago style to cite sources. Chicago style documents include in-text superscript numbers referring to footnotes or endnotes along with a more detailed listing of sources in a separate Bibliography page at the end of a document. It is often used for the preparation and editing of papers and books for publications and aimed at professional scholars and publishers.  Follow this format while citing book with one author using Chicago style:  Author  Title  Place of Publication  Publisher  Date of Publication Author’s Last Name, First M. Title(italicized). Place of Publication: Publisher, Date. Burrows, Edwin G., and Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. 6 IMC451: RETRIEVAL TOOLS 4. Science (Scientific Style and Format)  Scientific Style and Format is the most recognized, authoritative reference for authors, editors, publishers, students and translators in all areas of science and related fields. It is a medical and engineering language etc.  Follow this format while citing book with one author using Scientific Style and Format:  Author  Date of Publication  Title  Place of Publication  Publisher Author(s) Last Name, First M. Date. Title of Book: Subtitle. (no italicized) Place of Publication: Publisher. Thewissen, JGM. 2015. The Walking Whales: From Land to Water in Eight Million Years. Oakland (CA): University of California Press. 5. Turabian Style  Turabian style is an abbreviated version of the more-comprehensive “Chicago” style. It is used for the humanities (literature, history, religion etc). It is used mainly for history papers, but it is sometimes used in other disciplines and aimed at high school and college students who are writing papers, theses and dissertations that are not intended for publication.  Follow this format while citing book with one author using Turabian style:  Author  Title  Place of Publication 7 IMC451: RETRIEVAL TOOLS  Publisher  Date of Publication Author’s Last Name, First M. Title(italicized). Place of Publication: Publisher, Date. Berlin, Ira. Slaves Without Masters. New York: Random House, 1974. 6. Style Manual (U.S. Government Style Manual)  U.S. Government Style Manual let us produce our own style. It serves the needs of those publishing official government information and publications.  Follow this format while citing book with one author using U.S. Government Style Manual:  Author  Title  Place of Publication  Publisher  Date of Publication Author’s Last Name, First M. Title of Book: Subtitle(italicized). Edition. (Place of Publication: Publisher, Date). Mitchell, Terence R., and James R, Larson, Jr. People in Organizations: An Introduction to Organizational Behaviour. 3rd ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987). 8 IMC451: RETRIEVAL TOOLS COMPONENTS OF BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY 1. Bibliography entry will compile: • Authors and/or editors (and translator, if applicable) • Title of the source (as well as edition, volume and the book title if your source is a chapter or article in a multi-author book with an editor) • Publication information (the city, state, name of the publisher, date published, page numbers consulted and URL or DOI, if applicable) • Access date, in the case of online sources (check with the style guide at the beginning of your research as to whether you need to track this information) 2. Each bibliography has a particular focus or arrangement. The most common are: • Subject: bibliographies gathering together publications or other information resources that are all about a particular subject (e.g., The New Press Guide to Multicultural Resources for Young Readers). • Author: bibliographies of all or some of the works of a particular author and sometimes including sources about the author (e.g., A Bibliography of Jane Austen). • Language: bibliographies of textual entities in which the text is a certain language (e.g., An Extensive Bibliography uploads/s3/ bibliography - 2023-03-29T061327.885.pdf