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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Low-voltage electrical installation

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-44: Protection for safety – Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances Installations électriques à basse tension – Partie 4-44: Protection pour assurer la sécurité – Protection contre les perturbations de tension et les perturbations électromagnétiques INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20; 91.140.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-5286-4 ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale ® Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé. IEC 60364-4-44 Edition 2.2 2018-01 CONSOLIDATED VERSION colour inside This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication IEC 60364-4-44 Edition 2.2 2018-01 CONSOLIDATED VERSION REDLINE VERSION VERSION REDLINE Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-44: Protection for safety – Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances Installations électriques à basse tension – Partie 4-44: Protection pour assurer la sécurité – Protection contre les perturbations de tension et les perturbations électromagnétiques IEC 60364-4-44:2007-08+AMD1:2015-09+AMD2:2018-01 CSV(en-fr) ® colour inside This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication – 2 – IEC 60364-4-44:2007+AMD1:2015 +AMD2:2018 CSV © IEC 2018 CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 7 440.1 Scope ................................................................................................................... 8 440.2 Normative references ............................................................................................ 8 441 (Vacant) ......................................................................................................................... 10 442 Protection of low-voltage installations against temporary overvoltages due to earth faults in the high-voltage system and due to faults in the low-voltage system ................... 10 442.1 Field of application .............................................................................................. 10 442.1.1 General requirements .............................................................................. 10 442.1.2 Symbols .................................................................................................. 10 442.2 Overvoltages in LV-systems during a high-voltage earth fault .............................. 11 442.2.1 Magnitude and duration of power-frequency fault voltage ......................... 13 442.2.2 Magnitude and duration of power-frequency stress voltages ..................... 14 442.2.3 Requirements for calculation of limits ....................................................... 15 442.3 Power-frequency stress voltage in case of loss of the neutral conductor in a TN and TT system ........................................................................................ 15 442.4 Power-frequency stress voltage in the event of an earth fault in an IT system with distributed neutral ............................................................................ 15 442.5 Power-frequency stress voltage in the event of a short-circuit between a line conductor and the neutral conductor .......................................................... 16 443 Protection against transient overvoltages of atmospheric origin or due to switching ......... 16 443.1 General .............................................................................................................. 16 443.2 Void .................................................................................................................... 17 443.3 Terms and definitions .......................................................................................... 17 443.4 Overvoltage control ............................................................................................. 18 443.5 Risk assessment method .................................................................................... 18 443.26 Classification of rated impulse voltages (overvoltage categories) ......................... 20 443.26.1 Purpose of classification of rated impulse voltages (overvoltage categories) .............................................................................................. 20 443.26.2 Relationship between impulse withstand Rated impulse voltages of equipment and overvoltage categories ..................................................... 21 443.3 Arrangements for overvoltage control ...................................................................... 443.3.1 Inherent overvoltage control ...................................................................... 443.3.2 Protective overvoltage control .................................................................... 443.4 Required impulse withstand voltage of equipment.................................................... 444 Measures against electromagnetic influences .................................................................. 24 444.1 General .............................................................................................................. 24 444.2 (void) .................................................................................................................. 25 444.3 Definitions .......................................................................................................... 25 444.4 Mitigation of electromagnetic interference (EMI) .................................................. 26 444.4.1 Sources of EMI ........................................................................................ 26 444.4.2 Measures to reduce EMI .......................................................................... 26 444.4.3 TN-system ............................................................................................... 28 444.4.4 TT system ............................................................................................... 32 444.4.5 IT system ................................................................................................ 33 444.4.6 Multiple-source supply ............................................................................. 34 444.4.7 Transfer of supply .................................................................................... 37 This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication IEC 60364-4-44:2007+AMD1:2015 CSV – 3 – +AMD2:2018 CSV © IEC 2018 444.4.8 Services entering a building ..................................................................... 39 444.4.9 Separate buildings ................................................................................... 40 444.4.10 Inside buildings ....................................................................................... 40 444.4.11 Protective devices ................................................................................... 42 444.4.12 Signal cables ........................................................................................... 42 444.5 Earthing and equipotential bonding ...................................................................... 42 444.5.1 Interconnection of earth electrodes .......................................................... 42 444.5.2 Interconnection of incoming networks and earthing arrangements ............ 43 444.5.3 Different structures for the network of equipotential conductors and earthing conductors ................................................................................. 43 444.5.4 Equipotential bonding networks in buildings with several floors ................. 45 444.5.5 Functional earthing conductor .................................................................. 46 444.5.6 Commercial or industrial buildings containing significant amounts of information technology equipment ........................................................ 47 444.5.7 Earthing arrangements and equipotential bonding of information technology installations for functional purposes ........................................ 47 444.6 Segregation of circuits ........................................................................................ 48 444.6.1 General ................................................................................................... 48 444.6.2 Design guidelines requirements ............................................................... 48 444.6.3 Installation guidelines Conditions for zero segregation ............................. 51 444.7 Cable management systems ............................................................................... 52 444.7.1 General ................................................................................................... 52 444.7.2 Design guidelines .................................................................................... 52 444.7.3 Installation guidelines .............................................................................. 53 445 Protection against undervoltage ...................................................................................... 54 445.1 General requirements ......................................................................................... 54 Annex A (informative) Explanatory notes concerning 442.1 and 442.2 ....................................... Annex A (informative) Examples of calculated risk level CRL for the use of SPDs ................. 58 Annex B (informative) Guidance for on overvoltage control by SPDs applied to overhead lines ...................................................................................................................... 60 Annex C (normative) Determination of the conventional length, d ............................................. Annex C (informative) List of notes concerning certain countries ........................................... 64 Figure 44.A1 – Representative schematic sketch for possible connections to earth in substation and LV-installation and occurring overvoltages in case of faults ............................ 12 Figure 44.A2 – Tolerable fault voltage due to an earth-fault in the HV system ........................ 14 Figure 443.1 – Illustration of an installation showing the lengths to consider .......................... 20 Figure 44.R1 – By-pass conductor for screen reinforcement to provide a common equipotential bonding system ................................................................................................ 27 Figure 44.R2 − Example of a substitute or by-pass equipotential bonding conductor in a TT-system ............................................................................................................................. 28 Figure 44.R3A − Avoidance of neutral conductor currents in a bonded structure by using the TN-S system from the origin of the public supply up to and including the final circuit within a building .......................................................................................................... 29 Figure 44.R3B – Avoidance of neutral conductor currents in a bonded structure by using a TN-S system downstream of a consumer’s private supply transformer ................................ 30 Figure 44.R4 − TN-C-S system within an existing building installation .................................... 31 Figure 44.R5 – TT system within a building installation .......................................................... 32 Figure 44.R6 – IT system within a building installation ........................................................... 33 This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication – 4 – IEC 60364-4-44:2007+AMD1:2015 +AMD2:2018 CSV © IEC 2018 Figure 44.R7A – TN multiple-source power supply with a non-suitable multiple connection between PEN and earth ....................................................................................... 34 Figure 44.R7B – TN multiple source power supplies to an installation with connection to earth of the star points at one and the same point ................................................................. 35 Figure 44.R8 – TT multiple-source power supplies to an installation with connection to earth of the star points at one and the same point ................................................................. 36 Figure 44.R9A − Three-phase alternative power supply with a 4-pole switch .......................... 37 Figure 44.R9B – Neutral current flow in a three-phase alternative power supply with an unsuitable 3-pole switch ........................................................................................................ 38 Figure 44.R9C − Single-phase alternative power supply with 2-pole switch ............................. 39 Figure 44.R10 − Armoured cables and metal pipes entering the buildings (examples) ............ 40 Figure 44.R11 − Illustration of measures in an existing building ............................................. 41 Figure 44.R12 – Interconnected earth electrodes ................................................................... 42 Figure 44.R13 – Examples of protective conductors in star network ....................................... 43 Figure 44.R14 – Example of multiple meshed bonding star network ....................................... 44 Figure 44.R15 – Example of a common meshed bonding star network ................................... 45 Figure 44.R16 – Example of equipotential bonding networks in structures without lightning protection systems .................................................................................................. 46 Figure 44.R17 – Example of cable separation distance .......................................................... 51 Figure 44.R17A − Separation between power and information technology cables for cable route lengths ≤ 35 m ........................................................................................................ Figure 44.R17B − Separation between power and information technology cables for cable route lengths > 35 m ........................................................................................................ Figure 44.R18 – Separation of cables in wiring systems ............................................................. Figure 44.R19 – Cable arrangements in metal cable-trays ..................................................... 53 Figure 44.R20 – Continuity of metallic system components .................................................... 53 Figure 44.R21 – Location of cables inside metallic construction elements .............................. 54 Figure 44.R22 – Connection of metallic sections .................................................................... 54 Figure 44.Q – Examples of how to apply d1, d2 and d3 for the determination of d ....................... Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 66 Table 44.A1 – Power-frequency stress voltages and power-frequency fault voltage in low-voltage system ................................................................................................................ 13 Table 44.A2 – Permissible power-frequency stress voltage .................................................... 15 Table 443.1 – Calculation of fenv .......................................................................................... 19 Table 44.B 443.2 – Required rated impulse withstand voltage of equipment UW ..................... 24 Table 444.1 – Summary of minimum separation distances where the specification and/or intended application of the information and communication technology cable is not available ......................................................................................................................... 50 Table B.1 – Different possibilities for IT systems........................................................................ This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication IEC 60364-4-44:2007+AMD1:2015 CSV – 5 – +AMD2:2018 CSV © IEC 2018 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _______________ LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS – Part 4-44: Protection for safety – Protection against voltage disturbances and electromagnetic disturbances FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is uploads/s3/iec-60364-4-44-ed2-2.pdf