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2 Table of Contents How to Use This Guide .....................................

2 Table of Contents How to Use This Guide .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 In-text Citations .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 In-text Citation Quoting Examples .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 In-text Citation Paraphrasing Examples .................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Academic and Non-academic Sources .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Academic Sources ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Factual Non-academic Sources ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Other Non-academic Sources ................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Referencing Notes................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Author .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Date ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Title ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12 Source—Publisher ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 13 Source—Retrieval Information ............................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Multiple References With Same Information ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Missing Information ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 17 Book—Reference Elements (Print or from a database) ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 3 Book—Reference Elements (Online) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19 Book—Examples ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Article—Reference Elements (Print) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22 Article—Reference Elements (Online) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 23 Article—Examples ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Webpage—Reference Elements (author same as webpage name) ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Webpage—Reference Elements (author different to webpage name) .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 29 Webpage—Examples .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 Social Media—Reference Elements .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Social Media—Examples ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33 Audio Visual—Examples ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35 Reference Work—Examples ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38 Table—Elements ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 42 Table—Examples ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 43 Figure—Elements ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 45 Figure (chart, flowchart, diagram, drawing, graph, image, infographic, map, photograph,)—Examples .......................................................................................................................................... 46 Other Examples ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52 4 Legal Material— Reference Elements ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 57 Legal Material—Examples .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 58 Index ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 65 5 How to Use This Guide EIT uses the American Psychological Association (APA) referencing style. This guide contains examples of references formatted according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). 1. Use the index at the back of this guide to access the relevant example for the source you wish to reference. 2. Follow the example, paying attention to the punctuation, capitalisation, and typeface. Each section of this guide has reference examples according to the four main reference elements: Who – author or editor When – publication date What – title Where – source information In-text Citations An in-text citation acknowledges the authorship of a quotation or a paraphrase in your assignment. For PowerPoint presentations it may be preferable to use footnotes rather than in-text citations. Refer to the PowerPoint presentation study guide. In-text Citation Quoting Examples Quoting is copying the author’s exact words. Quotations can be referenced as follows: Paginated print material “We all know that educational activity is central to society” (van der Ham, 2016, p. 1). OR Van der Ham (2016) states that “we all know that educational activity is central to society” (p. 1). NB. The page number always appears after the quotation. Unpaginated print material A counsellor “supports clients to focus on feelings, experiences or behaviour that will facilitate positive change” (New Zealand Association of Counsellors, 2018, What is Counselling, para. 2). OR The New Zealand Association of Counsellors (2018) state that a counsellor “supports clients to focus on feelings, experiences or behaviour that will facilitate positive change” (What is Counselling, para. 2). NB. A section heading may be included within the citation to further specify the location of the quote. Audio material “A disruptive innovation generally has to cause you to go after new markets” (Christensen, 2012, as cited in Harvard Business Review, 2012, 00:02:25). OR According to Christensen (2012, as cited in Harvard Business Review, 2012), “a disruptive innovation generally has to cause you to go after new markets” (00:02:25). NB. The time stamp may be in the format hh/mm/ss, or mm/ss 6 In-text Citation Paraphrasing Examples Paraphrasing is putting in your own words what the author has written. There are two ways to reference a paraphrase: In her book, van der Ham (2016) stresses the fundamental importance of education to society. OR Central to modern society is a belief in the importance of education (van der Ham, 2016). Academic and Non-academic Sources It is important to evaluate the credibility of your sources. For further information on evaluating a source’s credibility, refer to study guides on the Learning Services website. Check with your tutor which type of sources are suitable for your assignment. Academic Sources Academic sources contain researched and evidenced based information, and are published by credible authors and publishers. Common examples of scholarly works include • educational books, • reference works such as dictionaries and encyclopaedias, and • peer reviewed journal articles. Factual Non-academic Sources These sources contain factual information published by governments, government agencies, companies, and organisations. Common examples include • government websites, • agency brochures, • drug catalogues, • industry standards, • company annual reports, • DHB procedures, • fact sheets, and • legal materials. Other Non-academic Sources Non-academic sources may contain a blend of factual and opinion based information, or they may be solely opinion, and are published by organisations or individuals. Common examples include • magazines, • newspapers, • TED Talks, • YouTube videos, • personal communications, and • social media. 7 Referencing Notes Author Authors Reference List Examples In-Text Example One author Last name and initials. Do not include qualification abbreviations. DiClemente, C. C. (2018). Addiction and change: How addictions develop and addicted people recover (2nd ed.). The Guildford Press. DiClemente (2018) claimed that ... OR … (DiClemente, 2018). Two authors Separate authors’ names with a comma and an ampersand (&) Barkway, D., & O’Kane, D. (2020). Psychology: An introduction for health professionals. Elsevier. For narrative style citations, separate the authors’ last names with “and.” For parenthetical style citations, separate authors’ last names with an ampersand (&). Barkway and O’Kane (2020) commented that ... OR … (Barkway & O’Kane, 2020). Three to twenty authors List all authors’ names, separated by commas, in the order given in the source material. Lamastra, L., Balderacchi, M., Di Guardo, A., Monchiero, M., & Trevisan, M. (2016). A novel fuzzy expert system to assess the sustainability of the viticulture at the wine-estate scale. Science of the Total Environment, 572, 724-733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.043 Cite only the surname of the first author, followed by “et al.” Lamastra et al. (2016) ... OR … (Lamastra et al., 2016). 8 Authors Reference List Examples In-Text Example Twenty one or more authors Spell out the first nineteen authors’ names, separated by commas, then an ellipsis (a set of three dots) and the final author’s name. Taylor, N. J., Nandita, M., Qian, L., Avril, M-F., Bishop, D. T., Bressac-de Paillerets, B., Bruno, W., Calista, D., Cuellar, F., Cust, A. E., Demenais, F., Elder, D. E., Gerdes, A-M., Ghiorzo, P., Goldstein, A. M., Grazziotin, T., C., Gruis, N. A., Hansson, J., Harland, M., ... Kanetsky, P. A. (2019). Estimating CDKN2A mutation carrier probability among global familial melanoma cases using GenoMELPREDICT. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 81(2), 396–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2019.01.079 Cite only the surname of the first author, followed by “et al.”. Taylor et al. (2019) suggest ... OR … (Taylor et al., 2019). Corporate or group author National Health Committee. (2015). The introduction of fit for purpose omics- based technologies: Think piece. Ministry of Health–Manatū Hauora. https://www.health.govt.nz/publication/introduction-fit-purpose-omics- based-technologies-think-piece NB. Where author and publisher are the same, omit the publisher. Hawke’s Bay Regional Council–Te Kaunihera ā-rohe o te matau-a-Māui. (n.d.). Coastal ecology. https://www.hbrc.govt.nz/environment/coast/coastal- ecology/ The National Health Committee (2015) explored the ... OR … (National Health Committee, 2015). Hawke’s Bay Regional Council–Te Kaunihera ā-rohe o te matau-a-Māui. (n.d.) outline the ... OR … (Hawke’s Bay Regional Council–Te Kaunihera ā-rohe o te matau-a-Māui, n.d.). Username, Screen name, Anonymous as author When a work identifies “Anonymous” as the author, or only supplies a username or screen name, the author element of the reference should reflect that provided. Anonymous. (1971). Go ask Alice: A real diary. Random House. Fraaancois. (2010, February 21). Mururoa (v3.) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIg4cufJqdI Anonymous (1971) told the story of ... OR … (Anonymous, 1971). Fraaancois (2010) shows ... OR … (Fraaancois, 2010). 9 Authors Reference List Examples In-Text Example Author – with indigenous identifying information Include the indigenous identifying information (known as name) in square brackets alongside the author name. The format is as follows: Surname, I. [known as name]. (date). Title. Source information. In the first citation, write the Surname and the year as usual, and include the known as name in square brackets. (Surname [known as name], 2019)... In subsequent citations the known as name can be used. Known as name (2019) stated … OR … (Known as name, 2019). Author – cited within another source: Secondary source (citing a source that has been cited in the reference material you are using) Give the secondary source in the reference list. Noble, S. U. (2018). Algorithms of oppression: How search engines reinforce racism. New York University Press. Womble, D. M., & Kincheloe, C. A. (2020). Mental health nursing. Wolters Kluwer. In the text, name the author of the original work and give a citation for the source document. Peet (2016, as cited in Noble, 2018) stated that … OR … (Peet, 2016, as cited in Noble, 2018). If there is no date for the original work, enter the author name only. Kohlberg’s theory of moral development (Kohlberg, as cited in Womble & Kincheloe, 2020) indicates … OR … (Kohlberg, as cited in Womble & Kincheloe, 2020). Author – personal communication Personal communications refer to information that is not retrievable by others. They therefore do not appear in the reference list but are cited in text. Examples are emails, uploads/Finance/ apa-referencing-guide 1 .pdf