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2 3 Visit our Web site. It’s free! It’s informative! www.cdldigest.com/ CDL Digest Online has been created to help you be more successful in obtaining a commercial driver’s license and the endorsements you may need to operate certain commercial motor vehicles. This Web site has information to help you get through the process of obtaining a commercial driver’s license and the endorsements you need and to make you knowledgeable of the rules and regulations of the transportation industry. At CDL Digest Online you’ll have access to information, such as: How to obtain a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) General Qualifications to Drive a Commercial Motor Vehicle Medical Qualifications for a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) Disqualifying Offenses Disqualifying Criminal Offenses for Hazardous Materials Endorsement Hours of Service Rules Pre-Trip Inspection Information A List of CDL Licensing Agencies for every State YOUR LINK TO COMMERCIAL DRIVING SUCCESS! 4 COMBINATION VEHICLE EXAM STUDY GUIDE COPYRIGHT © 2011 by CDL Digest Copyright law prohibits the reproduction, storage, or transmission in any form by any means of any portion of this publication without the express written permission of CDL Digest, and of the copyright holder (if different) of the part of the publication to be reproduced. The Guidelines for Classroom Copying endorsed by Congress explicitly state that unauthorized copying may not be used to create, to replace, or to substitute for anthologies, compilations, or collective works. Annual Edition Cover image © 2006 CDL Digest Produced digitally in the United States of America. 5 To the Reader In publishing the ANNUAL EDITION of this study guide we recognize the enormous role played by magazines, newspapers, web sites, and journals of the public press in providing current, first-rate educational information in a broad spectrum of interest areas. Many of these sources are appropriate for the general public and professionals seeking accurate, current material to help bridge the gap between the information provided and the real world. This study guide, however, becomes more useful for study when the information of lasting value is carefully collected, organized, indexed, and reproduced in a low-cost format, which provides easy and permanent access when the material is needed. That is the role played by this ANNUAL EDITION. The demand for commercial, industrial, and consumer products has been steadily on the rise as our population grows in the United States and abroad. This demand has created enormous opportunities for those individuals and companies dedicated to the movement of materials across this county by the use of commercial motor vehicles. This situation has created a huge demand for professional drivers in the transportation industry. Although the demand for professional drivers is great, there is still a shortage of them. In recent years this county’s economy has been shedding traditional blue-collar jobs at a demoralizing rate, yet the transportation industry cannot seem to fill the thousands of employment openings that exist or even meet their recruiting goals of obtaining qualified drivers. In purchasing this study guide you have taken the first step towards becoming qualified for one of the many employment openings in a high-paying, rewarding career as a professional driver. Becoming a professional driver requires a lot of knowledge of the transportation industry, commercial motor vehicles, and the federal regulations which govern the operation of commercial motor vehicles. CDL Digest has created this study guide in an effort to provide the reader with the knowledge required to successfully pass the written exam required to obtain a commercial driver’s license. Our study guides have already helped thousands of people just like you to easily pass their written exams. Our study guides are used by many of the leading driver training facilities across the country and have been praised by people just like you, who have used our study guides to successfully pass their written exams without ever setting foot in a driver training facility, which has saved them hundreds and in some cases thousands of dollars. The Editor of CDL Digest 6 Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 7 DRIVING COMBINATION VEHICLES ................................................................................................ 9 COMBINATION VEHICLE AIR BRAKES.......................................................................................... 10 COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING ....................................................................................................... 12 INSPECTING A COMBINATION VEHICLE ...................................................................................... 14 COMBINATION VEHICLE PRACTICE TEST .................................................................................... 16 COMBINATION VEHICLE PRACTICE TEST ANSWERS ................................................................ 21 Pre-Trip Inspection Memory Aid - Combination Vehicle ....................................................................... 22 7 INTRODUCTION This study guide contains information for those drivers who operate a combination of vehicles with a GVWR of 26,001 or more pounds provided the GVWR of the vehicle(s) being towed is in excess of 10,000 pounds GVW, which includes ALL Class "A" license applicants. 49 CFR 383.111 Operators for the combination vehicle group shall have knowledge of: Coupling and uncoupling — The procedures for proper coupling and uncoupling a tractor to semi-trailer. Vehicle inspection — The objectives and proper procedures that are unique for performing vehicle safety inspections on combination vehicles. The information used in this study guide has bee gathered from the following sources: Motor vehicle inspection, repair, and maintenance requirements as contained in 49 CFR 393 and 49 CFR 396. Procedures for safe vehicle operations as contained in 49 CFR 392. The effects of fatigue, poor vision, hearing, and general health upon safe commercial motor vehicle operation as contained in 49 CFR 391, 392, and 395. The types of motor vehicles and cargoes subject to the requirements contained in 49 CFR 397. The effects of alcohol and drug use upon safe commercial motor vehicle operations as contained in 49 CFR 391 and 395, and The commercial driver’s license standards; required knowledge and skills as contained in 49 CFR 383. 8 There is a federal requirement that each state have minimum standards for the licensing of commercial drivers. This study guide provides driver license testing information for drivers who wish to operate a combination vehicle with their Commercial Driver License (CDL). You must have a CDL to operate: Any single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR), actual weight, or registered weight over 26,000 lbs. or such vehicle towing a vehicle with a GVWR, actual weight, or registered weight of 10,000 lbs. or less. Any combination of vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR), actual weight, or registered weight over 26,000 lbs. provided the GVWR, actual weight, or registered weight of the towed vehicle(s) is more than 10,000 lbs. A vehicle transporting hazardous materials in amounts requiring placarding. A vehicle that is designed OR used to transport 16 or more passengers, including the driver. Any vehicle for which a CDL is required is considered a Commercial Motor Vehicle (CMV). To get a CDL, you must pass knowledge and skills tests. This study guide contains general knowledge and safe driving information for operating combination vehicles. You must pass a test on this information to get a Class A CDL. CDL Digest strongly recommends that you use this study guide along with the CDL manual from the CDL licensing agency of the state you live in. If you do not yet have a copy of the CDL manual from your state, you can download it for free at http://www.cdldigest.com/cdl/manuals.html Using the CDL manual and this study guide will provide the best chances of success when you take the CDL license combination vehicle knowledge exam. 9 DRIVING COMBINATION VEHICLES Rollover Prevention The following two things will help you prevent rollover: • Keep the cargo as close to the ground as possible • Drive slowly around turns. Trucks with trailers have a dangerous “crack-the-whip” effect. When you make a quick lane change, the crack-the-whip effect can turn the trailer over. “Rearward amplification” causes the crack-the-whip effect. Stopping a Trailer Skid Do not use the trailer hand brake (if you have one) to “straighten out the rig.” This is the wrong thing to do since the brakes on the trailer wheels caused the skid in the first place. The procedure for stopping a trailer skid is as follows: • Recognize the skid. The earliest and best way to recognize the trailer has started to skid is by seeing it in your mirrors. Any time you apply the brakes hard, check the mirrors to make sure the trailer is staying where it should be. • Stop using the brake. Release the brakes to get traction back. Once the trailer wheels grip the road again, the trailer will start to follow the tractor and straighten out. Off Tracking When a vehicle goes around a corner, the rear wheels follow a different path than the front wheels. Off tracking causes the path followed by a tractor-semi to be wider than the rig itself. Longer vehicles will off track more. The rear wheels of the powered unit (truck or tractor) will off track some, and the rear wheels of the trailer will off track even more. If there is more than one trailer, the rear wheels of the last trailer will off track the most. Completing Turns If you cannot complete your turn without entering another traffic lane, turn wide as you complete the turn. This is better than swinging wide to the left before starting the uploads/Geographie/ combination-vehicle-study-guide.pdf