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Greek Y in Dalmatian Romance 1 Orsat Ligorio 1. Introduction 1.1 Spoken in the

Greek Y in Dalmatian Romance 1 Orsat Ligorio 1. Introduction 1.1 Spoken in the eastern coast of the Adriatic, Dalmatian, a Romance language, became extinct in the 15th century while still virtually undocumented, with the exception of Vegliot, a minor dialect of Dalmatian spoken on the island of Krk, which lived on until the 19th century, when it was documented and when it too went extinct — but a significant number of Dalmatian borrowings survived in Serbo-Croatian which, when they are stripped of that which is properly Slavic and Serbo-Croatian, constitute the document of the Dalmatian language. 1.2 In this paper I address the question of Greek υ in Dalmatian Romance, of its history and of its development, and, further, I address the merit this question holds for the broader issue, whether Greek borrowings in Dalmatian were inherited from Vulgar Latin or, in fact, borrowed from Greek, and, consequently, I embrace the underlying problem, whether Greek borrowings in Serbo-Croatian of Dalmatia were borrowed directly, from Greek, or indirectly, from Greek via Dalmatian, and try to tackle it — or, at least, I do as much as the present subject allows me to. 2. Material 2.0 The material which I propose for analysis (sec. 3) and discussion (sec. 4) consists of 34 etyma containing G υ which have been borrowed into Serbo-Croatian via Dalmatian Romance, as it is generally assumed or as it can plausibly be assumed. (See sec. 2.1–2.34 below.) The material 2 which has been excluded is listed in sec. 2.36. 2.1 ἄβυσσος: SC à(m)bis m. Dubrovnik (ERHSJ I 3); sàbis m. Dubrovnik, Poljica (ERHSJ loc.cit.); àbis m. Korčula (Kalogjera et al. 2008: 2), Sali (JE I 11); ạ̑bis m. Murter (Juraga 2010: 41); ȃmbis m. Zlarin (Bjažić-Dean 2002: 111); ambȉs m. Ošljak (Valčić 2012: 10), Brbinj (Rančić 2013: 14), Banjol (Vuletić 2016); abȉś m. Ist (Smoljan 2015: 21); abȉs m. Unije (2000: 110); obȉs Susak, PN Obȉs m. (JE loc.cit.); ⇒ v. sabisati se Dubrovnik (ERHSJ loc.cit.). Ref. Vasmer 1944: 42, ERHSJ I 3, JE I 11, PLSA 68, ЕРСЈ I 46, Kapović-Vuletić 2010: 50. I am particularly indebted to Nikola Vuletić of Zadar University who helped me collect the data for this paper and, even, 1 was so kind as to allow me to publish a part of his fieldwork data for Banjol on Rab (= ‘Vuletić 2016’). Other etyma of Greek origin in Dalmatian Romance — whether borrowed directly from Greek or inherited via Vulgar 2 Latin and not contianing G υ — include: ἀβρότανον, PLSA 67; ἀήρ, 71; αἰγιαλός, 71; ἄκανθα, 68; ἀστακός, 81; ἄφθαι, 77; ἄχερνα, 69; ἀψίνθιον, 67; βαιός, 84; Βαρβάρα, 84; (τὰ) βράγχια, 88; βρέφος, 89; βῶξ, 87; γάστρα, 142; γόγγρος, 116; δελφίς, 124; διάπλους, 125; δίκελλα, 125; δόναξ, 127; δράκαινα, 127; δράκων, 127; ἔγκαυστος, 130; ἔµπλαστρον, 129; ἐργάτης, 130; καθέδρα, 102; κάλαµος, 91; κάλανδρος, 91; κάµινος, 93; κάµµαρος, 92; κάναστρον, 94; κάνθαρος, 95; κάννα, 95; κέντρον, 105; κερασός, 107; κέφαλος, 106; κόγχη, 115; κόκκος, 114; κολίας, 114; κόλπος, 114; κόµαρος, 115; κόραξ, 118; κοχλίας, 114; κλεισούρα, 113; κρεµαστήρ, 121; λάβραξ, 154; λοφίον, 162; µάραθον, 166; µάρµαρος, 168; µαῦρος, 171; νᾱρίτης (νηρίτης), 182; νωθρός, 183; ὀδoύς, 185; ὄρφνινος, 187; ὀρχάς, 186; παραστάτης, 192; πέλαγος, 193; πέπων, 194; πέρα, 192; πέρκη, 194; πιθάριον, 201; πλάγια, 203; πλάθανον, 205; πλάξ, 202 (and Лигорио 2015b); πλατ-, 205; πλαταµών, 204; πλάτανος, 204; πλήµη, 206; ποδάγρα, 207; ποτήριον, 210; πούς, 207; πρῷρα, 211; ῥάκινος, 187; ῥίνη, 220; ῥόµβος, 220; σάκκος, 225; σάλπη, 227; σαργός, 230; σαῦρος, 231; σηπία, 237; σίδηρος, 239; σίφων, 240; σκόρπαινα, 234; σπεῖρα, 243; σπήλαιον, 244; σπογγιά, 245; στάδιον, 246; στατήρ, 247; στέφανος, 248; στόµαχος, 249; στορ-, 249; σῦαξ, 251; σφαῖρα, 244; σχίζω, 234; σχολή, 234; τάπης, 253; φάγρος, 188; φάκελος, 198; φλέγµα, 198; χάννη, 108; χαράκιον, 108. (Also ὀκτώπους, according to Лигорио 2014.) I omit from this list place names and proper names, some of which must have been borrowed at a very early date. \1 2.2 Αἰγυπ(τ)-: SC jèđup m. s.loc. (ERHSJ 487); ⇒ jeđupka f. Dubrovnik, jèđupak, -pka m., Jeđupkinja f., adj. jeđupački (ERHSJ loc.cit.), all s.loc. Ref. ERHSJ 487. 2.3 ἁλυκός: SC čiga f. Rijeka Dubrovačka (JF II 248), oliga f. Hodilje, Goveđari, Korita, Slano (JF loc.cit.), Rijeka, Vrbnik, Krk (ERHSJ I 31); o(j)ìga f. Korčula (Kalogjera et al. 2008: 266); oļiga f. Lastovo (JF loc.cit.); ojiga f. Povlja, Baškavoda, Podgora, Komiža, Račišće, Lovište, Žuljana, Duba (JF loc.cit.); jȉga/ȉga f. Hvar (Benčić 2014: 223); ojuga f. Sućuraj, Gradac (JF loc.cit.); jȉga f. Pitve (Barbić 2011: 112); jiga f. Milna, Postira, Bol, Vrboska, Jelsa, Vis, ȉga f. Grohote, Supetar, Starigrad, Zaraće (JF loc.cit.); vojiga f. Sumartin (JF loc.cit.); jòga [= jȍga?] f. 3 Šibenik (JE II 37); ļoga f. Jezera, Žirje (JF loc.cit.); ļȍga/jȍga f. Murter (Juraga 2010: 120, 156); ļȍga f. Zlarin (Bjažić-Dean 2002: 153), Ošljak (Valčić 2012: 112), Rivanj (Radulić 2002: 161); ļòga [= ļȍga?] f. Sali (JE loc.cit.); gen fsg ļȍge Brbinj (Rančić 2013: 90), Ist (Smoljan 2015: 209); ȉga f. Kolan (Oštarić 2005), Pag (JF loc.cit.); ȋga f. Pag (Kustić 2002: 183); olȉga f. Omišalj (Mahulja 2006: 201), Senj (Moguš 2002: 95, ERHSJ loc.cit.); ⇒ jòžica f. Murter, ļòžica f. Sali, ļògar m. Prvić-Šepurina (JE loc.cit.); oližnica f. Senj, Vrbnik, oližȉca f. Bakar (ERHSJ loc.cit.). Ref. ERHSJ I 31, JE II 37, JF I 395, Kapović-Vuletić 2010: 48, PLSA 149. 2.4 γρυµέα: SC grȉma f. Šipan (ERHSJ I 617); ⇒ grȉmica f. Dubrovnik, grȉmar m. Dubrovnik (ERHSJ I 617). Ref. ERHSJ I 617, JF I 399, Kapović-Vuletić 2010: 50, PLSA 147. 2.5 γρυπός: SC ⇒ adj. grìpan Korita, Mljet (JE I 189). Ref. JE 189, PLSA 148. 2.6 γρύψ: SC ⇒ gripina Split, Brač (ERHSJ I 616). Ref. Vasmer 1944: 62, ERHSJ I 616, 4 PLSA 148. 2.7 γυρ-1: SC ⇒ v. agirȁt Prčanj, Muo, agèrati, agirati Bijela, Boka (ERHSJ I 13); ⇒ 5 agirȃncija Muo (ERHSJ loc.cit.). Ref. ERHSJ I 13, ЕРСЈ I 60, PLSA 73. See also γυρ-2 below. 2.8 γυρ-2: SC ⇒ PN Žirje n. Ref. SR I 151, ERHSJ II 145, PLSA 73, Ligorio-Vuletić 2016. 6 See also γυρ-1 above. 2.9 γύψ: SC žumba f. Montenegro (ERHSJ III 394); ⇒ PN Šìpan m. Ref. Vasmer 1944: 61, SR 7 I 233, ERHSJ III 394, PLSA 149. 2.10 δρυµών: SC PN Drmũn m. Murter (Vuletić 2010a: 337); drmȗn m. Kolan (Oštarić 2005: 103), Krk, Kastav (ERHSJ I 441), PN Drmȗn m. Lopar (SR I 57); dr ̀ mūn, -úna m. Lika (ERHSJ loc.cit.); dermȗn m. Omišalj (Mahulja 2006: 52); PN Drimȗn m. Barbat (SR loc.cit.); ⇒ PN Drmunȉć m. Lopar (SR loc.cit.). Ref. Vasmer 1944: 54, SR I 57, ERHSJ I 441, PLSA 128. 2.11 Δυρράχιον: SC PN Drȃč m., gensg Dráča. Ref. ERHSJ I 609, Holzer 2011: 102. See PLSA 31, ftn. 38. (Also ļòga = ļȍga below?) 3 In fact, from γρυπ-. 4 In fact, from L GYRĀRE. 5 In fact, from γῦρος. 6 In fact, from γυπ-. 7 \2 2.12 θύννος: SC tȗn m. Budva, Račišće, Božava (ERHSJ II 523), Korčula (Kalogjera et al. 2008: 376); tun m. Ulcinj, Lepetane, Muo, Dobrota, Strp, Kostanjica, Baošić, Drače, Sućuraj, Zaraće, Brusje, Stobreč, Grohote, Petrčane, Novigrad, Vinjerac, Privlaka, Paklenica, Kukljica, Ugljan, Rivanj, Žman, Sestrunj, Rava, Ist, Olib, Silba, Premuda, Novalja, Karlobag, Prizna, Jablanac, Lukovo, Baška, Punat, Malinska (JF II 324); tũn m. Senj (Moguš 2002: 155); tȕn m. Rivanj (Radulić 2002: 316), Kolan (Oštarić 2005: 545), Povljane (Tičić 2004: 382), Banjol (Vuletić 2016); nompl tȕnovi Bijela, Muo (ERHSJ loc.cit.); tuń m. Goveđari, Žuljana, Komiža, Vis, Podgora, Baškavoda, Jelsa, Vrboska, Starigrad, Hvar, Bol, Sumartin, Povlja, Postira, Sutivan, Milna, Krilo, Maslenica, Okrug, Sevid, Krapanj, Zablaće, Šibenik, Zaton, Kaprije, Žirje, Ražanac, Tribanj, Božava, Veli Rat, Pag, Lun, Barbat, Lopar, Baška (JF loc.cit.); tũń m. Hvar (Benčić 2014: 473), Murter (Juraga 2010: 274), Bibinje (Šimunić 2013: 738); tũń m., gensg tūńȁ Pitve (Barbić 2011: 331); ⇒ tūnȁ f. Blato (Panža 2015: 448); tȗna/túna f. Rab (ERHSJ loc.cit.); tȕna f. Omišalj (Mahulja 2006: 343), Malinska (ERHSJ loc.cit.); tȕńa f. Beli (Velčić 2003: 496); tȕńa f., gensg tȕńi (sic!) Cres (ERHSJ loc.cit.); tuna f. Omišalj, Bakar (JF loc.cit.). Ref. Vasmer 1944: 145, ERHSJ III 523, JF 1 297, JE III 286, PLSA 255 2.13 Κόρκυρα: SC PN Kȏrčula f. Ref. SR I 198, ERHSJ II 203, Muljačić 2007, Kapović- Vuletić 2010: 50, Muljačić 2007, (Holzer 2011:117), Ligorio 2015. 2.14 κόρυµβος: SC garȗmb m. Božava, Dragove, gorȗmb m. Sali (?), garȏmb m. Premuda, korȗmb m. Martinšćica (JE I 174); ⇒ garȗmbū, -ula m., gorȗmbul Sali (?, JE loc.cit.). Ref. JE 174, Kapović-Vuletić 2010: 47. 2.15 κορύνη: SC korun Kostanjica, Strp, Perast, Muo (JF II 254). Ref. JF I 233, JE II 101, Kapović-Vuletić 2010: 49. 2.16 κοτύλη: SC kȏkula f. Čilipi, kuotola f. Hvar, kȏtula f. Vis, kȗtul m., kȗtula f. Komiža, kȏrtul m. Tkon, PN Kȏtul m. (JE II 103); ⇒ kȏtulica f. Korčula (JE loc.cit.). Ref. JE II 103, Kapović-Vuletić 2010: 47. 2.17 κυδώνια: SC dȕńa f. Perast, Budva, Stoliv, Korčula, Crmnica, Šibenik (ERHSJ I 557); kȕńa f. Korčula (Kalogjera et al. 2008: 168), Blato (Panža 2015: 219), Hvar uploads/Geographie/ greek-y-in-dalmatian-romance.pdf