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Technical collection Lighting circuits guide Simple solutions for control and p

Technical collection Lighting circuits guide Simple solutions for control and protection of lighting circuits 3 Energy Efficiency challenge Lighting circuits selection and dimensioning Guide Lighting control simple solutions General Content p.4 p.41 p.10 4 Energy, What is in our future? 50% The required emissions reduction of GHG (Greenhouse Gas) to stabilize the greenhouse effect by 2050. 30% Possible savings with today’s technology that could reduce emissions or electrify the rest of the non electrified world. 5 “ We must learn to adapt and manage energy consumption, energy costs, and pollutants. ” Why the pressure on energy use will not go away Challenges World energy consumption has risen 45% since 1980. It is projected to be 70% higher by 2030. Emerging markets (including China and India) account for more than 75% of new demand placing new pressures on global resources. Meanwhile, mature markets such as North America, Europe and Japan will also face increased demand and limited resources. These mature markets will continue legislating to reduce consumption, shift to alternative energy sources, and improve energy security. Increased resources competition and political instability will cause oil and natural gas prices to remain at or above current levels for the foreseeable future. Coal will continue to be a cheap and plentiful resource especially in emerging markets. This will maintain pressure on reducing emissions and sustain the need for global climate change actions. More than ever, global warming is at the top of the agenda. Environmental concerns and public opinion on climate change will drive continued actions by legislators, opinion leaders, and special interest groups forcing industry to respond. The trends we see now will continue for the next 25 years. 722 665 613 563 510 421 366 347 309 283 1980 1985 1990 1995 2003 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 History Projections Quadrillion Btu 6 Prepare & Understand 30% Energy savings in 2020 could avoid the construction of 1000 new power plants. Challenges We can all adapt to the new energy world “ Schneider Electric has made this commitment and we can help you. ” Energy use reduction and management will be a continued focus of policy makers. Key targets for future policies will be: Limiting final energy consumption in all sectors. Measuring and tracking energy use to establish benchmarks and targets. Promoting alternative green energy sources and technologies. Opening markets to promote emissions trading and demand reduction. Buildings and Industry offer the largest and most accessible opportunities for savings. Commit to understand the impact and opportunity in your business. Energy efficiency is the quickest, cheapest, cleanest way to extend our world’s energy supplies. Industry Over 30% of consumed energy. Motors account for 60% of the electricity usage. Average facility can reduce its energy consumption by 10 to 20%. Buildings Over 20% of consumed energy and goring (EU & US). 3 key areas: HVAC, lighting & integrated building solutions. Technical projects can yield up to 30% of energy savings. Residential Over 20% of consumed energy (EU & US). Using energy efficient products may save 10% to 40% electricity. Enabling Energy saving 30% Energy savings is feasible now with today’s technologies. “ Schneider Electric enables customers to make a difference! ” Solutions that enable and sustain energy efficiency Challenges Our products & solutions are at every link in the energy chain enabling 10 to 30% or more in energy savings. Technology is crucial to achieving energy efficiency. Energy smart innovations will continue to have significant impact on enabling energy and emissions reduction. Information, expertise and knowledge are crucial to apply technologies in practical and economically feasible ways. Behavioral and procedural actions facilitate the ability initiate and to sustain all savings. Solutions & Knowledge HVAC, Ventilation, Fan control, Lighting control & management Pump, compressor control, Motor control & management Power management, Critical power solutions Facility management, Process optimization Energy Information services, Audits & Assessments Energy services… Enabling technology Metering, Monitoring & Control, Automation & Sensors Drives & motor control, Lighting control systems Building automation systems, Electrical distribution Power Factor Correction, Power Filtering Uninterruptible Power Systems SCADA, Information Systems Management Tools… "ENABLING" PRODUCTS INFORMATION ENERGY SERVICES Help customers make the right decisions to manage energy. Provide information that evokes confidence in decision making. Technology & Solutions to eneable sustainable savings. 10 Lighting accounts for a considerable proportion of electricity consumption, whatever the field of activity: Careful consideration should therefore be given to the technologies used, in order to strike the best balance between usage and total cost. 40 % 10 % 100 % 25 % to 50 % Residential Industry Public lighting Tertiary 11 Content Lighting circuits selection and dimensioning Guide Step by step procedure.............................................................................12 Project specifications and financial constraints. ................................13 The various types of lamp........................................................................ 14 General characteristics................................................................... 14 Impacts of selected lamps on the choice of components........... 16 Electrical distribution selection...............................................................18 Cable and prefabricated busbar trunking selection principles... 18 Protection selection...................................................................................20 Circuit breaker selection principles............................................... 20 Earth leakage protection device selection principles.................. 21 Electrical distribution and protection fast dimensioning..............22 Cable cross-section, circuit breaker rating................................... 22 Type of Canalis, circuit breaker rating........................................... 24 Control devices........................................................................................... 26 Principles for selection of modular remote control devices. ....... 26 Example............................................................................................ 28 Rating performance according to the type and number of lamps.............................................................................. 30 Control auxiliaries.......................................................................................34 Overview........................................................................................... 34 Example.........................................................................................................35 Dimensioning an installation.......................................................... 35 Management devices. ................................................................................36 Overview........................................................................................... 36 Emergency lighting....................................................................................37 General rules.................................................................................... 37 Appendix. .......................................................................................................38 Pratical recommendations for the pretection and control of lighting systems. ..................................................... 38 Definition of light-related units....................................................... 40 12 Step by step procedure Introduction Safety Continuity of service Switching capacity Energy savings and user comfort Wiring diagram Management page 36 Choice of devices for energy savings and improved comfort. Project specifications and financial constraints page 13 The lighting design depends on: the application, the initial investment, operation and maintenance. b b b Lamps pages 14 to 17 General characteristics. Electrical constraints. b b Control page 26 Impulse relay or modular contactor. Reflex iC60. RCA b b b Electrical distribution page 18 Cable cross- section dimensioning factors. Canalis type. b b Protection page 20 Circuit breaker for the protection of electrical conductors, control devices and loads. Earth leakage protection function for the complementary protection of people and goods. b b Fast dimensioning pages 22 to 25 Fast dimensioning pages 30 to 31 Fast dimensioning pages 22 to 25 Auxiliaries page 34 Choice of auxiliaries or control devices with built-in auxiliary. Coordination Emergency lighting page 37 Current 13 Project specifications and financial constraints Selection criteria Outdoors Warehouse Home Office Workshop Shop Studio 20…70 lux 125…300 lux 200 lux 400…500 lux 300…1000 lux 500…1000 lux 2000 lux The application The work of the lighting designer involves creating specific lighting atmospheres using different types of lamp. Illumination level and quality Lamp power output Varies according to the chosen technology and is influenced by the colour of the premises and the amount of natural light. Distance (d) between the lamps and the area to be lit The illumination level is proportional to 1/d2. Light fitting The shape and efficiency of the reflector create a more or less focused light beam. For example, a spot lamp has a small angle which generates a stronger but more localised light. The initial investment Electrical architecture The number of lamps used, their output and geographical distribution determine the number of circuits, the cross- section and length of electrical distribution, the control and protection devices and the associated lighting components (transformer, ballasts, possible reactive compensation, etc.). Cost of the lamps The cost varies according to the technology chosen. Generally, lamps with high lighting efficiency and long-life lamps are expensive and conversely. Cost of the light fittings The light fitting depends mainly on the application. Other criteria can be used to narrow down the choice: attractiveness, price, climatic conditions, etc. Operation and maintenance Consumption Consumption depends on: - the lighting efficiency and the input power, type and number of lamps used; - optimisation of lighting times. Accessibility Accessibility determines the number of man-hours and whether lifting equipment is required (basket). It must be taken into consideration, depending on the continuity of service required and exploitation environment (traffic, crowded and opening hours...). Service life The service life varies according to the chosen technology. Lamps with a long service life are expensive, but require less frequent maintenance. 14 The various types of lamp General characteristics Types of lamp Incandescent lamps Fluorescent lamps Basic lamps LV halogen lamps ELV halogen lamps Compact fluorescent lamps Fluorescent tubes Associated component required for operation - - Electromagnetic or electronic transformer Integral or external electronic ballast (same as for fluorescent tube) Ferromagnetic ballast + starter + optional capacitor, or electronic ballast The application Lamp power output (most common rated powers) 400 to 1000 lm (40 to 100 W) 2000 to 10,000 lm (100 to 500 W) 400 to 1000 lm (20 to 50 W) 300 to 1600 lm (5 W to 26 W) 850 to 3500 lm (14 to 58 W) Lighting efficiency (Lm/W) 5 to 15 12 to 25 45 to 90 40 to 100 Lighting quality Lighting spectrum It determines uploads/Geographie/ lighting-guide.pdf