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TRANS 101 A Brief Guide CONTENTS introduction 5 Purpose and Intent Consulted Wo

TRANS 101 A Brief Guide CONTENTS introduction 5 Purpose and Intent Consulted Works defining a common language 6 Terms and Definitions Pronouns 101 Gender Neutral Language Offensive and Hurtful Vocabulary differences between gender identity and sexuality 11 Basic Differences Spectrums Gender Expression Gender Variance or Non-conformity common questions 15 Common Questions Common Misconceptions narratives 19 What do trans people face? Mennonite & Brethren Narratives notes 43 support and response 31 Congregations and Communities Parents, Friends & Family resources 38 Brethren Mennonite Council for LGBT Interests PO Box 3600 Minneapolis, MN 55406 612.343.2060 bmclgbt.org Fonts: Vollkorn (body) Raleway (headings) Satisfy (cover and title page) Illustration on cover and p. 14 by Lisa Bade Content and design by Hayley Brooks 5 introduction Purpose and Intent This short guide is intended for Mennonite and Brethren communities seeking education and understanding about transgender realities. This booklet will introduce important terms and concepts, statistics about what transgender people face in the current social climate in the United States and Canada, and address some of the misconceptions and dominant narratives about transgender identities and people. This guide is designed for those with little understanding or context about transgender people but may have interest in becoming an ally to trans people. This guide will also look at the differences between gender identity and sexual orientation and the ways that dominant culture has conflated the two. Also included are a few personal narratives of transgender people in Mennonite and Brethren communities to contextualize the experience of trans people in these faith communi- ties. Several other “trans 101” guides were consulted for the purpose of creating this booklet. Part of recognizing and including some of the content of other guides is to recognize the multiplicity and complexity of transgender realities. Sylvia Rivera Law Project “Trans 101” Tranarchism “Not Your Mom’s Trans 101” Southern Arizona Gender Alliance “Gender Identity 101: A Transgender Primer” Institute for Welcoming Resources, TransAction Everyday Feminism Transfeminist Perspectives I AM: Trans People Speak “Trans 101” UUA: Transgender 101 Julia Serano “Transgender 201” Intersex Society of North America TransWhat? Website and Glossary Our Trans Loved Ones: PFLAG The Transgender Child: A Handbook for Families and Professionals Trans Bodies Trans Selves: A Resource for the Transgender Community Be sure to look at the comprehensive list of resources at the back of this booklet for more information. Consulted Works 6 7 defining a common language Below is a list of terms and their definitions that are relevant to learning about and understanding transgender identities. This is not a comprehensive list and may not reflect all current definitions of each term. For a more comprehensive definition of each of the terms, as well as other relevant terms, visit BMC’s website and down- load the Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Terms at bmclgbt.org/general-resources. Terms and Definitions agender | A gender identity in which a person does not identify with gender at all. androgyne | A non-binary gender identity that is neither male nor female. androgynous | Displaying characteristics of both or neither of the two culturally defined genders. assigned sex | Assigned sex is “the sex one is labeled at birth, generally by a medical or birthing profes- sional, based on a cursory examination of external and/or physical sex characteristics such as genitalia and cultural concepts of male and female sexed bod- ies.”1 This is a way to refer to someone’s sex without making assumptions about their current sex, body and identity. bigender | A gender identity in which a person identi- fies with two or more genders. Other gender identities that describe the experience of multiple genders are: ambigender, genderfluid, multigender and others. cisgender | Describes people whose gender identity matches the sex and gender role assigned to them at birth. cissexism | The term cissexism is used to describe institutional practices and policies that oppress trans people. Cissexism is also used to describe the ways that cisgender identities are normalized at the expense of trans identities. gender dysphoria | Gender dysphoria is a formal diagnosis “used by psychologists and physicians to describe people who experience significant dysphoria (distress) with the sex and gender they were assigned at birth.”2 It was first used in psychiatry in 1973. The term replaced “gender identity disorder” in the Amer- ican Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders -V to “better categorize the experiences of affected children, adolescent and adults.”3 gender expression | Gender expression is the exter- nal manifestation of one’s gender identity, usually through masculine, feminine, or gender-variant be- havior, clothing, haircut, voice or body characteristics. Gender expression is separate from gender identity. gender fluid | Also written gender-fluid or gender- fluid. Gender fluid describes an identity in which a person does not have a fixed gender identity. gender identity | For the most part today, the term “gender” is used to denote the socially constructed attributes of male and female people. Gender identity describes, “one’s innermost concept of self as male, female, a blend of both or neither.”4 gender non-conformity or variance | Behavior or gender expression by an individual that does not match masculine and/or feminine gender norms. genderqueer | A term used by some people who identify outside of the traditional two-gender or gen- der-binary system. This term refers to gender identity rather than sexual orientation. heteronormativity | Refers “to biased views that favor heterosexual people and their sexual orientation and encourage prejudice against homosexual, bisexual,”5 pansexual and other non-heterosexual people. intersex | Describes people born with some combi- nation of male and female sex organs. According to the Intersex Society of North America, “Anatomic sex differentiation occurs on a male/female continuum, and there are several dimensions.”6 It is estimated that anywhere from 1 in 100 to 1 in 2,000 infants is born intersex, but the most common reaction by the medi- cal establishment is to “fix” these babies immediately through surgical means. In 2013, the United Nations condemned “normalization” surgery. misgender | The term misgender was coined by American transgender writer and biologist Julia Serano. Serano defines the word as, “the experience of being labeled by someone as having a gender other than the one you identify with.”7 non-binary | Similar to the term genderqueer, non-bi- nary denotes those who identify outside of the gender binary. Often used as an umbrella term to describe all identities that fall outside of the gender binary as well as a specific identity. queer | Sometimes used as an umbrella term for those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or intersex. Historically, the term has been used as a slur against those perceived to be lgbtq. For this reason, its use can be controversial. It has been reclaimed by some lgbtq people, especially younger generations. It can be a political statement which advocates breaking binary thinking and seeing both sexual orientation and gender identity as potentially fluid. Some reject the use of this word as an umbrella term. Be sure to ask for consent when using this term to describe people. trans man | A person who was female assigned at birth and identifies as a man. trans woman | A person who was assigned male at birth and identifies as a woman. transgender | An umbrella term for people whose gender identity is different from the sex and gender role they were assigned at birth. Transgender people can be straight/heterosexual, gay, bisexual, pansex- ual, asexual and may or may not identify as queer. Genderqueer and non-binary people may or may not identify with this term. transition | The process by which some people strive to more closely align their internal knowledge of gen- der with their appearance and social life. Some people socially transition, where they begin dressing, using names and pronouns and/or be socially recognized as another gender. Often in addition to this, others undergo physical transitions wherethey modify their bodies through medical treatments, such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or gender affirmation or confirmation surgery (also called sex reassignment surgery). transphobia | The term “transphobia” was first recorded in 1993, defined as “fear or hatred of trans- sexual or transgender people.”8 Like homophobia and biphobia, the term is used to describe oppression against transgender people and the cultural hatred of transgender people as a social group as well as individuals. The term is often used to describe cultural attitudes about transgender people where cissexism is used to describe institutional oppression against transgender people. transsexual | A person whose gender identity is different from the sex they were assigned at birth, so they may take hormones or get sex reassignment surgery (SRS). Policies differ from location to location regarding the point in one’s journey when a trans- sexual individual can legally change their name and other legal documents. Transsexual is often seen as a clinical, dated term. Two-Spirit | A concept present in some, but not all, in- digenous cultures across North America and parts of Central and South America. It is a term of reverence, traditionally referring to people who display both masculine and feminine sex uploads/Geographie/ transgender-guide.pdf