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Vyom Freshers Guide 2005 www.vyomworld.com If you like this trailer, you will be interested in the full version – http://www.vyomworld.com/common/interview-ebook.asp Face Interviews Confidently! Vyom Freshers Guide 2005 www.vyomworld.com If you like this trailer, you will be interested in the full version – http://www.vyomworld.com/common/interview-ebook.asp © Copyright 2005 Vyom Technosoft Pvt. Ltd. Vyom Freshers Guide – 2005 is a copyrighted product of Vyom Technosoft Pvt. Ltd. No part of this document can be published in any form, without the written consent of Vyom Technosoft Pvt. Ltd. The content in this Guide is meant for Free distribution only by Vyom Technosoft Pvt. Ltd. Distribution by any other means is not allowed. Forwarding the soft copies of this documents is prohibited. The content of this document is compiled from various sources. Vyom Technosoft presents the copyright of whole content as an electronic document. Privacy Policy: http://www.vyomworld.com/privacy.asp . Vyom Freshers Guide 2005 www.vyomworld.com If you like this trailer, you will be interested in the full version – http://www.vyomworld.com/common/interview-ebook.asp Vyom Freshers Guide 2005 www.vyomworld.com If you like this trailer, you will be interested in the full version – http://www.vyomworld.com/common/interview-ebook.asp Data Structures Aptitude 1. What is data structure? A data structure is a way of organizing data that considers not only the items stored, but also their relationship to each other. Advance knowledge about the relationship between data items allows designing of efficient algorithms for the manipulation of data. 2. List out the areas in which data structures are applied extensively? Ø Compiler Design, Ø Operating System, Ø Database Management System, Ø Statistical analysis package, Ø Numerical Analysis, Ø Graphics, Ø Artificial Intelligence, Ø Simulation 3. What are the major data structures used in the following areas : RDBMS, Network data model & Hierarchical data model. Ø RDBMS – Array (i.e. Array of structures) Ø Network data model – Graph Ø Hierarchical data model – Trees 4. If you are using C language to implement the heterogeneous linked list, what pointer type will you use? The heterogeneous linked list contains different data types in its nodes and we need a link, pointer to connect them. It is not possible to use ordinary pointers for this. So we go for void pointer. Void pointer is capable of storing pointer to any type as it is a generic pointer type. 5. Minimum number of queues needed to implement the priority queue? Two. One queue is used for actual storing of data and another for storing priorities. 6. What is the data structures used to perform recursion? Data Structures Aptitude Vyom Freshers Guide 2005 www.vyomworld.com If you like this trailer, you will be interested in the full version – http://www.vyomworld.com/common/interview-ebook.asp Stack. Because of its LIFO (Last In First Out) property it remembers its ‘caller’ so knows whom to return when the function has to return. Recursion makes use of system stack for storing the return addresses of the function calls. Every recursive function has its equivalent iterative (non-recursive) function. Even when such equivalent iterative procedures are written, explicit stack is to be used. 7. What are the notations used in Evaluation of Arithmetic Expressions using prefix and postfix forms? Polish and Reverse Polish notations. 8. Convert the expression ((A + B) * C – (D – E) ^ (F + G)) to equivalent Prefix and Postfix notations. Prefix Notation: ^ - * +ABC - DE + FGPostfix Notation: AB + C * DE - - FG + ^ 9. Sorting is not possible by using which of the following methods? (a) Insertion (b) Selection (c) Exchange (d) Deletion (d) Deletion. Using insertion we can perform insertion sort, using selection we can perform selection sort, using exchange we can perform the bubble sort (and other similar sorting methods). But no sorting method can be done just using deletion. 10. A binary tree with 20 nodes has null branches? 21 Let us take a tree with 5 nodes (n=5) Null Branches Vyom Freshers Guide 2005 www.vyomworld.com If you like this trailer, you will be interested in the full version – http://www.vyomworld.com/common/interview-ebook.asp It will have only 6 (ie,5+1) null branches. In general, A binary tree with n nodes has exactly n+1 null nodes. 11. What are the methods available in storing sequential files ? Ø Straight merging, Ø Natural merging, Ø Polyphase sort, Ø Distribution of Initial runs. 12. How many different trees are possible with 10 nodes ? 1014 For example, consider a tree with 3 nodes(n=3), it will have the maximum combination of 5 different (ie, 23 - 3 = 5) trees. i ii iii iv v In general: If there are n nodes, there exist 2n-n different trees. 13. List out few of the Application of tree data-structure? Ø The manipulation of Arithmetic expression, Ø Symbol Table construction, Ø Syntax analysis. 14. List out few of the applications that make use of Multilinked Structures? Ø Sparse matrix, Ø Index generation. 15. In tree construction which is the suitable efficient data structure? (a) Array (b) Linked list (c) Stack (d) Queue (e) none (b) Linked list 16. What is the type of the algorithm used in solving the 8 Queens problem? Backtracking Vyom Freshers Guide 2005 www.vyomworld.com If you like this trailer, you will be interested in the full version – http://www.vyomworld.com/common/interview-ebook.asp 17. In an AVL tree, at what condition the balancing is to be done? If the ‘pivotal value’ (or the ‘Height factor’) is greater than 1 or less than –1. 18. What is the bucket size, when the overlapping and collision occur at same time? One. If there is only one entry possible in the bucket, when the collision occurs, there is no way to accommodate the colliding value. This results in the overlapping of values. 19. Traverse the given tree using Inorder, Preorder and Postorder traversals. Ø Inorder : D H B E A F C I G J Ø Preorder: A B D H E C F G I J Ø Postorder: H D E B F I J G C A A B C D E F G H I J Given tree: Vyom Freshers Guide 2005 www.vyomworld.com If you like this trailer, you will be interested in the full version – http://www.vyomworld.com/common/interview-ebook.asp 20. There are 8, 15, 13, 14 nodes were there in 4 different trees. Which of them could have formed a full binary tree? 15. In general: There are 2n-1 nodes in a full binary tree. By the method of elimination: Full binary trees contain odd number of nodes. So there cannot be full binary trees with 8 or 14 nodes, so rejected. With 13 nodes you can form a complete binary tree but not a full binary tree. So the correct answer is 15. Note: Full and Complete binary trees are different. All full binary trees are complete binary trees but not vice versa. 21. In the given binary tree, using array you can store the node 4 at which location? At location 6 1 2 3 - - 4 - - 5 Root LC1 RC1 LC2 RC2 LC3 RC3 LC4 RC4 where LCn means Left Child of node n and RCn means Right Child of node n 22. Sort the given values using Quick Sort? 65 70 75 80 85 60 55 50 45 Sorting takes place from the pivot value, which is the first value of the given elements, this is marked bold. The values at the left pointer and right pointer are indicated using L and R respectively. 65 70L 75 80 85 60 55 50 45R Since pivot is not yet changed the same process is continued after interchanging the values at L and R positions 65 45 75 L 80 85 60 55 50 R 70 1 2 3 4 5 Vyom Freshers Guide 2005 www.vyomworld.com If you like this trailer, you will be interested in the full version – http://www.vyomworld.com/common/interview-ebook.asp 65 45 50 80 L 85 60 55 R 75 70 65 45 50 55 85 L 60 R 80 75 70 65 45 50 55 60 R 85 L 80 75 70 When the L and R pointers cross each other the pivot value is interchanged with the value at right pointer. If the pivot is changed it means that the pivot has occupied its original position in the sorted order (shown in bold italics) and hence two different arrays are formed, one from start of the original array to the pivot position-1 and the other from pivot position+1 to end. 60 L 45 50 55 R 65 85 L 80 75 70 R 55 L 45 50 R 60 65 70 R 80 L 75 85 50 L 45 R 55 60 65 70 80 L 75 R 85 In the next pass we get the sorted form of the array. 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 23. For the given graph, draw the DFS and BFS? A H X G P E Y M J The given graph: Vyom Freshers Guide 2005 www.vyomworld.com If you like this trailer, you will uploads/Ingenierie_Lourd/ interview-guide 10 .pdf