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AVERTISSEMENT Ce document est le fruit d'un long travail approuvé par le jury d

AVERTISSEMENT Ce document est le fruit d'un long travail approuvé par le jury de soutenance et mis à disposition de l'ensemble de la communauté universitaire élargie. Il est soumis à la propriété intellectuelle de l'auteur. Ceci implique une obligation de citation et de référencement lors de l’utilisation de ce document. D'autre part, toute contrefaçon, plagiat, reproduction illicite encourt une poursuite pénale. Contact : ddoc-theses-contact@univ-lorraine.fr LIENS Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 122. 4 Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 335.2- L 335.10 http://www.cfcopies.com/V2/leg/leg_droi.php http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/infos-pratiques/droits/protection.htm UNIVERSITE DE LORRAINE ECOLE DOCTORALE « LANGAGES, TEMPS, SOCIETES » ATILF-CNRS Thèse présentée et soutenue en vue de l’obtention du Doctorat en Sciences du langage Par Jinjing WANG Causes de l’échec d’apprentissage du français par des étudiants chinois en France Etude multifactorielle qualitative et quantitative à partir d’entretiens et de questionnaires Volume 2 (annexes) Sous la direction de Madame Sophie BAILLY et Monsieur Francis CARTON Soutenue le 30 novembre 2012 Jury Madame Marinette MATTHEY, Professeure à l’Université Stendhal- Grenoble 3 (rapporteur) Monsieur Jean-Marc MANGIANTE, Maître de conférences/HDR à l’Université d’Artois (rapporteur) Madame Sophie BAILLY, Professeure à l’Université de Lorraine Monsieur Francis CARTON, Maître de conférences à l’Université de Lorraine Table des matières PARTIE I. DIFFERENCES CULTURELLES, TRAITS DE PERSONNALITE, MOTIVATIONS D’APPRENTISSAGE : CE QUI INFLUENCERAIT L’ECHEC OU LA REUSSITE D’APPRENTISSAGE DE LANGUE ...................................................... 1 ANNEXE 2-1 DESCRIPTIONS DES COMPORTEMENTS ANTICIPES COMME FONCTION DE VALEURS CULTURELLE ET ENVIRONNEMENTALE ................................................................. 2 ANNEXE 4-1 BIG FIVE INVENTORY – FRANÇAIS ..................................................................... 4 PARTIE II. HYPOTHESES, METHODOLOGIE DE LA RECHERCHE ET RECUEIL DES DONNEES ................................................................................................. 5 ANNEXE 6-1 QUESTIONS POSEES EN ENTRETIENS SEMI-DIRECTIFS ...................................... 6 ANNEXE 6-2 QUESTIONNAIRE SUR LA PERCEPTION DES DIFFERENCES DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT ET DE L’APPRENTISSAGE DU FRANÇAIS EN CHINE ET EN FRANCE ......................................... 9 ANNEXE 6-3 QUESTIONNAIRE SUR LA CULTURE D’APPRENTISSAGE/ENSEIGNEMENT FRANÇAISE ........................................................................................................................ 14 PARTIE III. ANALYSES DES RESULTATS ET DISCUSSION (ANALYSES STATISTIQUES) ............................................................................................................... 18 ANNEXE 9-1 ...................................................................................................................... 19 ANNEXE 9-2 ...................................................................................................................... 19 ANNEXE 9-3 ...................................................................................................................... 20 ANNEXE 9-4 ...................................................................................................................... 20 ANNEXE 9-5 ...................................................................................................................... 20 ANNEXE 9-6 ...................................................................................................................... 21 ANNEXE 9-7 ...................................................................................................................... 21 ANNEXE 9-8 ...................................................................................................................... 22 ANNEXE 9-9 ...................................................................................................................... 22 ANNEXE 9-10 .................................................................................................................... 23 ANNEXE 9-11 .................................................................................................................... 23 ANNEXE 9-12 .................................................................................................................... 24 ANNEXE 9-13 .................................................................................................................... 24 ANNEXE 9-14 .................................................................................................................... 25 ANNEXE 9-15 .................................................................................................................... 25 ANNEXE 9-16 .................................................................................................................... 26 ANNEXE 9-17 .................................................................................................................... 26 ANNEXE 9-18 .................................................................................................................... 27 ANNEXE 9-19 .................................................................................................................... 27 ANNEXE 9-20 .................................................................................................................... 28 ANNEXE 9-21 .................................................................................................................... 28 ANNEXE 9-22 .................................................................................................................... 29 ANNEXE 9-23 .................................................................................................................... 30 ANNEXE 9-24 .................................................................................................................... 30 ANNEXE 9-25 .................................................................................................................... 31 ANNEXE 9-26 .................................................................................................................... 32 ANNEXE 9-27 .................................................................................................................... 32 ANNEXE 9-28 .................................................................................................................... 33 ANNEXE 9-29 .................................................................................................................... 34 ANNEXE 9-30 .................................................................................................................... 34 ANNEXE 9-31 .................................................................................................................... 35 ANNEXE 9-32 .................................................................................................................... 36 ANNEXE 9-33 .................................................................................................................... 36 ANNEXE 9-34 .................................................................................................................... 37 ANNEXE 9-35 .................................................................................................................... 37 ANNEXE 9-36 .................................................................................................................... 38 ANNEXE 9-37 .................................................................................................................... 38 ANNEXE 9-38 .................................................................................................................... 39 ANNEXE 9-39 .................................................................................................................... 39 ANNEXE 9-40 .................................................................................................................... 40 ANNEXE 9-41 .................................................................................................................... 40 ANNEXE 9-42 .................................................................................................................... 41 ANNEXE 9-43 .................................................................................................................... 41 ANNEXE 9-44 .................................................................................................................... 42 ANNEXE 9-45 .................................................................................................................... 42 ANNEXE 9-46 .................................................................................................................... 43 ANNEXE 9-47 .................................................................................................................... 43 ANNEXE 9-48 .................................................................................................................... 44 ANNEXE 9-49 .................................................................................................................... 44 ANNEXE 9-50 .................................................................................................................... 45 ANNEXE 9-51 .................................................................................................................... 45 ANNEXE 9-52 .................................................................................................................... 46 ANNEXE 9-53 .................................................................................................................... 46 ANNEXE 9-54 .................................................................................................................... 47 ANNEXE 9-55 .................................................................................................................... 47 ANNEXE 9-56 .................................................................................................................... 48 ANNEXE 9-57 .................................................................................................................... 48 ANNEXE 9-58 .................................................................................................................... 49 ANNEXE 9-59 .................................................................................................................... 49 ANNEXE 9-60 .................................................................................................................... 50 ANNEXE 9-61 .................................................................................................................... 51 ANNEXE 9-62 .................................................................................................................... 51 ANNEXE 9-63 .................................................................................................................... 52 ANNEXE 9-64 .................................................................................................................... 52 ANNEXE 9-65 .................................................................................................................... 53 ANNEXE 9-66 .................................................................................................................... 53 ANNEXE 9-67 .................................................................................................................... 54 ANNEXE 9-68 .................................................................................................................... 54 ANNEXE 9-69 .................................................................................................................... 55 ANNEXE 9-70 .................................................................................................................... 55 ANNEXE 9-71 .................................................................................................................... 56 ANNEXE 9-72 .................................................................................................................... 56 ANNEXE 9-73 .................................................................................................................... 57 ANNEXE 9-74 .................................................................................................................... 57 ANNEXE 9-75 .................................................................................................................... 58 ANNEXE 9-76 .................................................................................................................... 58 ANNEXE 9-77 .................................................................................................................... 59 ANNEXE 9-78 .................................................................................................................... 59 ANNEXE 9-79 .................................................................................................................... 60 ANNEXE 9-80 .................................................................................................................... 60 ANNEXE 9-81 .................................................................................................................... 61 ANNEXE 9-82 .................................................................................................................... 61 ANNEXE 9-83 .................................................................................................................... 62 ANNEXE 9-84 .................................................................................................................... 62 ANNEXE 9-85 .................................................................................................................... 63 ANNEXE 9-86 .................................................................................................................... 63 ANNEXE 9-87 .................................................................................................................... 64 ANNEXE 9-88 .................................................................................................................... 64 ANNEXE 9-89 .................................................................................................................... 65 ANNEXE 9-90 .................................................................................................................... 65 ANNEXE 9-91 .................................................................................................................... 66 ANNEXE 9-92 .................................................................................................................... 66 ANNEXE 9-93 .................................................................................................................... 67 ANNEXE 9-94 .................................................................................................................... 67 ANNEXE 9-95 .................................................................................................................... 68 ANNEXE 9-96 .................................................................................................................... 68 ANNEXE 9-97 .................................................................................................................... 69 ANNEXE 9-98 .................................................................................................................... 69 ANNEXE 9-99 .................................................................................................................... 70 ANNEXE 9-100 .................................................................................................................. 70 ANNEXE 9-101 .................................................................................................................. 71 ANNEXE 9-102 .................................................................................................................. 71 ANNEXE 9-103 .................................................................................................................. 72 ANNEXE 9-104 .................................................................................................................. 72 ANNEXE 9-105 .................................................................................................................. 73 ANNEXE 9-106 .................................................................................................................. 73 ANNEXE 9-107 .................................................................................................................. 74 ANNEXE 9-108 .................................................................................................................. 74 ANNEXE 9-109 .................................................................................................................. 75 ANNEXE 9-110 .................................................................................................................. 75 ANNEXE 9-111 .................................................................................................................. 76 ANNEXE 9-112 .................................................................................................................. 76 ANNEXE 9-113 .................................................................................................................. 77 ANNEXE 9-114 .................................................................................................................. 77 ANNEXE 9-115 .................................................................................................................. 78 ANNEXE 9-116 .................................................................................................................. 78 ANNEXE 9-117 .................................................................................................................. 79 ANNEXE 9-118 .................................................................................................................. 79 TRANSCRIPTIONS DES ENTRETIENS ....................................................................... 80 CHANXI ............................................................................................................................. 81 CHONG .............................................................................................................................. 95 FAN ................................................................................................................................. 106 HAN................................................................................................................................. 119 NAWEI ............................................................................................................................. 132 PAN ................................................................................................................................. 142 PINGYI ............................................................................................................................. 153 PU ................................................................................................................................... 165 SEN .................................................................................................................................. 179 SHA ................................................................................................................................. 189 SILONG ............................................................................................................................ 201 XIAN ............................................................................................................................... 213 XIYIN .............................................................................................................................. 224 YE ................................................................................................................................... 237 YUXI ............................................................................................................................... 248 1 Partie I. Différences culturelles, traits de personnalité, motivations d’apprentissage : ce qui influencerait l’échec ou la réussite d’apprentissage de langue 2 Annexe 2-1 Descriptions des comportements anticipés comme fonction de valeurs culturelle et environnementale (Hofstede, 2002 ; Hofstede et al., 2010) Small Power Distance Societies Large Power Distance Societies In the family: - Children encouraged to have a will of their own - Parents treated as equals - Children educated towards obedience to parents - Parents treated as superiors At school: - Student-centered education (student initiative) - Quality of learnig depends on two-way communication and excellence of students. - Teacher-centered education (order) - Quality of learning depends on excellence of the teacher Collectivist Societies Individualist Societies In the family: Education towards “we” consciousness Opinions pre-determined by group Obligations to family or in-group: - Harmony - Respect - Shame Education towards “I” consciousness Private, personal opinions expected Obligations to self: - Self-interest - Self actualization - Guilt At school: - Formal learning is for the young only - Learn how to do - Education can be lifelong - Learn how to learn Feminine Societies Masculine Societies In the family : - Stress on relationships - Solidarity - Resolution of conflicts by compromise and negotiation - Stress on achievement - Competition - Resolution of conflicts by fighting them out At school : - Average student is norm - System rewards student’s social adaptation - Student’s failure at school is relatively minor accident - Best students are norm - System rewards student’s academic performance - Student’s failure at school is disaster, may lead to suicide Weak Uncertainty Avoidance Societies Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Societies In the family: - What is different is ridiculous or curious - Ease, indolence, low stress - Aggression and emotions not shown - What is different is dangerous - Higher anxiety and stress - Showing of aggression and emotions accepted At school: Students comfortable with: - Unstructured learning situations - Vague objectives - Broad assignments - No time tables - Teachers may say “I don’t know” Students comfortable with: - Structured learning situations - Precise objectives - Detailed assignments - Strict time tables - Teachers should have all the answers 3 Short-term orientation Long-term orientation In the family: - Tradition is important - Family pride - Children should learn to persevere - Family pragmatism At school : - Students attribute success and failure to luck - No special skills for mathematics - Talent for theoretical, abstract sciences - Students attribute success to effort and failure to lack of it - In East Asia, better at mathematics - Talent for applied, concrete sciences Indulgent Restrained General norms : - Loose society - More likely to remember positive emotions - More extroverted personalities - Higher optimism - Tight society - Less likely to remember positive emotions - More neurotic personalities - More pessimism 4 Annexe 4-1 Big Five Inventory – français (Plaisant et al., 2010) lm!lrur fiv'f,'J: Yt .:· < o:'l~ (JV""''<•' ,..,. t 'i<• .. 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