Remerciez-le!

Remerciez @Admin pour avoir partagé cet document gratuitement, de la manière la plus simple, en partageant sur les réseaux sociaux.

1 DÉPARTEMENT D’ÉTUDES DU MONDE ANGLOPHONE IAV A021_A GRAMMAIRE 2016-2017 2 Ens

1 DÉPARTEMENT D’ÉTUDES DU MONDE ANGLOPHONE IAV A021_A GRAMMAIRE 2016-2017 2 Enseignants coordinateurs : A. Ceccaldi, F. Conesa I. Supports du cours • La présente plaquette d’exercices • Livre de grammaire recommandé: Oxford Practice Grammar (Advanced), George Yule. • Manuel de vocabulaire (pour la traduction) : Du mot à la phrase, M. Dumong, J. Pouvelle, C. Knott. Ellipses, 1994. II. Evaluation Un examen final sans aucun document autorisé qui regroupe la grammaire et la traduction (durée totale : 1h30) Rappel important : la présentation de la carte étudiant ou à défaut, de tout autre document officiel d’identité est obligatoire lors des examens. III. Travail personnel 2 heures de TD hebdomadaires ne peuvent suffire à vous préparer à l’épreuve d’examen. Elles doivent être assorties d’un travail personnel rigoureux et régulier (effectuer le travail demandé d’une semaine sur l’autre, s’entraîner à refaire les exercices qui posent le plus de difficultés, lire les pages du livre correspondant aux exercices, etc.) L’apprentissage régulier du vocabulaire vu en classe est également indispensable pour une bonne réussite à l’examen final et plus largement pour la suite de votre parcours d’études. Vous devez lire la presse écrite anglophone régulièrement. De nombreux journaux et magazines sont disponibles à la bibliothèque universitaire (B.U.) ou en ligne. Regarder des émissions en langue anglaise vous permettra également d’améliorer votre anglais écrit et parlé, ainsi que votre connaissance de la culture anglo-saxonne contemporaine. IV. Programmes du semestre Programme grammatical I. INTRODUCTION TO THE ENGLISH SENTENCE……………….... ………… 4 II. ORDINARY VERBS, AUXILIARIES AND OPERATORS ………................... 7 III. TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS………………………………... 9 IV. PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS………………………. 12 V. PAST SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS…………………………………………. 16 VI. PERFECT VS. SIMPLE………………………………………………………. . 18 VII. MULTI-WORD VERBS………………………………………..........................25 VIII. MODALS AND MODALITY..………………………………….. …………. 33 IX. EXPRESSIONS……………………………………………………................... 46 3 Programme lexical (vocabulaire) o Grammaire : - Connaître le sens et l’emploi des multi-word verbs (chapitre VIII) - Verbes irréguliers o Traduction : - Voir la plaquette de version. 4 I. INTRODUCTION TO THE ENGLISH SENTENCE A. Types of sentences There are 4 types of sentences, corresponding each to a communicative function: STATEMENTS Statements are used to convey information. A statement is presented as true (even though it may very well be a lie): 1) It’s raining. 2) I don’t like chocolate. QUESTIONS Questions obviously indicate lack of information: 3) Is there any beer left? 4) What time is it? COMMANDS Commands are normally expressed in the imperative, and are used to instruct someone to perform an action: 5) Have some more chocolate. 6) Listen and repeat. EXCLAMATIONS Exclamations allow the speaker to express his own feelings: 7) How charming she is! 8) What a silly thing to say! Sentence types correspond to syntactic classes. The same communicative function can be expressed through various sentence types: 9) I would like you to buy a new car. (STATEMENT + REQUEST) 10) Will you buy a new car, please? (QUESTION+ REQUEST) 11) Buy a new car, please. (COMMAND + REQUEST) 12) How I’d like you to buy a new car! (EXCLAMATION + REQUEST) Conversely, one sentence type can express different communicative functions: 13) Did you ever hear such nonsense? (QUESTION + COMMENT) 14) What time is it? (QUESTION + LACK OF INFORMATION) 15) Can you pass me the salt, please? (QUESTION + REQUEST) 16) Isn’t she cute? (QUESTION + EXPRESSION OF SPEAKER’S FEELINGS) 5 All sentences belong to one type. One sentence cannot belong to more than one type. In addition, all sentences are either negative or non negative, emphatic or non emphatic: 17) I don’t like music. (STATEMENT, negative, non emphatic) 18) I do like music. (STATEMENT, non negative, emphatic) 19) I don’t like music. (STATEMENT, negative, emphatic) 20) Don’t you like music? (QUESTION, negative, non emphatic) 21) Who did open the door, then? (QUESTION, non negative, emphatic) 22) Do come in. (COMMAND, non negative, emphatic) 23) Don’t ever / Never stroke a cat when it is angry (COMMAND, negative, emphatic) B. The verb phrase All sentences normally consist of two parts: a subject and a predicate. The subject can be defined as what the speaker is talking about, and the predicate corresponds to what the speaker says about the predicate. Subject and predicate can vary in length: (1) John / ran. (2) John / told me about one of the most wonderful books he had ever read. (3) One of the twenty-five young girls who arrived from London yesterday / called. The verb phrase typically consists of a main verb, and optionally a series of auxiliaries and one or more complements. Tense is always on the first verb of the sequence. There are only two tenses in English: past and present. From simple to complex: (4) John ran. (past tense and main verb). (5) John was running. (past tense, BE+ING and main verb) (6) John has been running. (present tense, HAVE+EN, BE+ING and main verb) (7) John might have been running. (past tense, modal, HAVE+EN, BE+ING and main verb) EXERCISES I. What do the following sequences of verbs consist of? 1. The poor boy looked so miserable. 2. The old man had left his wallet on the table. 3. Boys will be boys. 4. You should have returned this book last Wednesday. 5. I know. 6. She may have been delayed. 7. Or she might be waiting outside the wrong theatre. 8. She has seen both films twice. 9. They'd given her up. II. Are the following sentences correct or incorrect? 1. He must have been waiting for hours. 6 2. He has had been here for two days. 3. He can't have had lunch already. 4. Who do you have seen ? 5. He does be unpleasant at times. 7. I must have had done it. 8. They should can fish. 9. Why was he been arrested? 10. He must have been dreaming. 7 II. ORDINARY VERBS, AUXILIARIES AND OPERATORS (☞ YULE p. 17) An operator is a verb that can be used to construct a question, a negative sentence or an emphatic sentence. Be, have are operators. Modals (can, may, must...) are also operators. (1) John is American. Is John American? John is not / isn’t American. (2) Mary was arrested. Was Mary arrested? Mary was not / wasn’t arrested. (3) John has finished. Has John finished? John has not / hasn’t finished. (4) Alice can swim. Can Alice swim? Alice cannot / can’t swim. NB : In British English, have can be used as an operator, or not: (5) Have you an appointment, Sir? Do you have an appointment, Sir? An auxiliary is a verb that belongs to the sequence of verbs, but is not the main verb. Get, have to are auxiliaries. (6) John has to sing. (auxiliary, main verb) (7) John is singing. (auxiliary, main verb) Modals are also auxiliaries. There can be more than one auxiliary in a sequence: (8) John may have been arrested. (auxiliary auxiliary auxiliary main verb) NB : when be is the only verb in the sequence, it is NOT an auxiliary : (9) John is intelligent. (main verb) The great majority of verbs are ordinary verbs. They are neither operators nor auxiliaries. When there is no operator, in order to construct a question (10), a negative sentence (11) or an emphatic sentence (12), we must use DO: (10) Do you smoke? (11) I did not see him. (12) I do like this song. ☞ Have to, though an auxiliary, is NOT an operator, that’s why we must use Do to construct interrogative and negative sentences including have to, as in : (13) Do you have to leave now? (14) I don’t have to go to school on Sundays. EXERCISE Turn the following statements into a question then into a negative sentence. 1. You have a car. 2. He is to arrive tonight. 3. She has to hurry. 8 4. They are working on it. 5. She seems to be tired. 6. I did it. 7. He may stay up until 11:00. 8. He got run over by a police car. 9. I used to suck my thumb to fall asleep. 10. They ought to have arrived by now 9 III. TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS (☞ YULE pp. 6-9) 1. Transitive verbs take an object direct (1), (2), (3) or indirect (4), (5), (6): (1) John wrote a letter. (2) John met his neighbour. (3) John needed help. (4) John listened to the radio. (5) John looked after the children. (6) John commented on the poem. 2. Intransitive verbs do not take any complements or objects: (7) John slept. (8) John died. (9) John shaved. Some verbs can be used transitively or intransitively. Compare: (10) John smokes. (10’) John smokes cigars. (11) John was reading. (11’) John was reading the paper. 3. Ditransitive verbs take a subject and two objects: one direct object and one indirect object: (12) Tom gave his grandmother the letter. In this sentence, ‘his grandmother’ is the indirect object, the person receiving something (or recipient) uploads/Litterature/ a021-grammaire-2016-2017.pdf