Remerciez-le!

Remerciez @Admin pour avoir partagé cet document gratuitement, de la manière la plus simple, en partageant sur les réseaux sociaux.

This manual contains all relevant material necessary to complete Florida Intern

This manual contains all relevant material necessary to complete Florida International University Mechanical and Materials Engineering’s Mechanical Lab I EML 4906L Laboratory Guide Dr. Brian Reding Table of Contents Laboratory Safety ......................................................................................................................... 5 What YOU should know ........................................................................................................... 5 General Laboratory Safety ....................................................................................................... 5 Electricity ................................................................................................................................... 6 Laboratory Rules: ..................................................................................................................... 6 Lab Report Format and Guide .................................................................................................... 8 Required Format for Lab Reports .......................................................................................... 8 Report Sections .......................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction to Data Analysis ................................................................................................ 12 Experiment 1: Cross Flow Heat Exchanger .................................................................................. 21 Objective ................................................................................................................................... 21 Nomenclature ............................................................................................................................ 22 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 23 Procedures ................................................................................................................................. 26 Analysis and Discussions .......................................................................................................... 27 Report Requirement .................................................................................................................. 27 Experiment 2: Extended Surface Heat Transfer ........................................................................... 28 Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 28 Nomenclature ............................................................................................................................ 29 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 30 Procedures ................................................................................................................................. 33 Analysis and Discussions .......................................................................................................... 34 Report Requirement .................................................................................................................. 34 Experiment 3: Transient Heat Transfer ......................................................................................... 35 Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 35 Nomenclature ............................................................................................................................ 36 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 37 Equipment Overview................................................................................................................. 37 Theoretical Background ............................................................................................................ 39 Procedure ................................................................................................................................... 40 Analysis and Discussion............................................................................................................ 41 Report Requirement .................................................................................................................. 41 Experiment 4: Combined Convection and Radiation ................................................................... 42 Part A: Heat Transfer at Various Temperatures ........................................................................ 42 Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 42 Nomenclature ............................................................................................................................ 43 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 44 Procedures ................................................................................................................................. 46 Analysis and Discussions .......................................................................................................... 47 Report Requirements ................................................................................................................. 47 Experiment 5: Combined Convection and Radiation ................................................................... 48 Part B: Forced Convection over a Cylinder in Cross-Flow ...................................................... 48 Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 48 Nomenclature ............................................................................................................................ 49 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 50 Procedures ................................................................................................................................. 53 Analysis and Discussions .......................................................................................................... 54 Report Requirements ................................................................................................................. 54 Experiment 6: Combined Convection and Radiation ................................................................... 55 Part C: Forced Convection over a Cylinder in Cross-Flow ...................................................... 55 Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 55 Nomenclature ............................................................................................................................ 56 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 57 Procedures ................................................................................................................................. 60 Analysis and Discussions .......................................................................................................... 61 Report Requirements ................................................................................................................. 61 Appendix ....................................................................................................................................... 62 Air Speed Calculation Using a Pitot Tube ................................................................................ 63 Figure 1: Difference between Precision and Accuracy................................................................. 14 Figure 2: Normal Probability Distribution .................................................................................... 15 Figure 3: Data Point with X and Y Uncertainties ......................................................................... 18 Figure 4: Example of Line Fitting ................................................................................................ 19 Figure 5: Example Data Points ..................................................................................................... 20 Figure 6: Log-Log Curve Fitting Plot ........................................................................................... 20 Figure 7: The Cross Flow Heat Exchanger Apparatus. ................................................................ 23 Figure 8: Schematic Diagram of the Cross Flow Heat Exchanger Test Section. ......................... 24 Figure 9: Armfield HT15 Experiment Apparatus ......................................................................... 30 Figure 10: Schematic of the HT15 ................................................................................................ 30 Figure 11: Free Body Diagram of the Extended Surface .............................................................. 31 Figure 12: Schematic of HT17 Experiment .................................................................................. 38 Figure 13: Test Specimens ............................................................................................................ 38 Figure 14: Schematic of the Experimental Setup ......................................................................... 44 Figure 15: Schematic of the Experimental Setup ......................................................................... 50 Figure 16: Schematic of the Experimental Setup ......................................................................... 57 Figure 17: Variation of the Nusselt Number with varying Cylinder Angle ................................. 59 Table 1: Confidence Level and Factor Correlation....................................................................... 17 Table 2: Instrument's Data Output ................................................................................................ 39 Laboratory Safety What YOU should know You need to develop the habit of asking yourself whether an operation is safe and ensuring that you have the adequate knowledge and training about the equipment/ experiment you are using and safe working practices for that equipment/ experiment. Tidiness and thinking ahead are important aspects of a safe working environment. For your work in the undergraduate teaching laboratories the following rules apply; but you must use common sense and ask an instructor if you have any doubts about safety or a particular situation. General Laboratory Safety 1. Students are not permitted to work in the laboratories outside the specified times of laboratory classes unless they have been given specific permission to do so by the Department Lab Manager, who will then supervise the work. 2. Smoking and the consumption of food and drink are not permitted in the laboratories. 3. Apparatuses should be disconnected at the end of a session, unless you have asked for and been given permission by the Department Lab Manager to leave it assembled. 4. All accidents or breakages, however small, should be reported immediately to the Department Lab Manager. 5. Any dangerous incident or anything which is suspected to be an unsafe situation must be reported immediately to the Department Lab Manager or to the MME Department. 6. Bags and other personal items are not allowed to obstruct exits or pathways. 7. Solvents (propanol, acetone etc.) should only be used in a well-ventilated environment. They are highly flammable and should be kept away from ignition sources. 8. Students should be aware of the dangers of loose clothing or long hair when working with machinery or chemicals. a. Sandals or open toed shoes are not allowed to be worn in the lab. Doing so, will not allow you entrance to the lab. Electricity Electricity is potentially lethal. Under normal circumstances, any voltage over 55V is to be treated as hazardous unless it is incapable of delivering a current in excess of 1mA. 1. Students are not permitted to work with exposed electrical mains or to perform any kind of maintenance work on the electrical mains or any of its circuitry, including plugs. Equipment requiring repair should be brought to the attention of the Department Lab Manager. 2. Before connecting any equipment/ experiment, a check should be made that all instruments and apparatuses are of a suitable rating for the experiment to be performed. a. Check also that all wires are of a suitable current capacity. b. All supply switches should be in the “OFF” position whilst connections are made (during disconnection as well). c. All power supplies should be switched off before changing any components. 3. Before switching on check that all connections are correct (if in doubt, ask). 4. Place apparatus so that short circuits cannot occur. Laboratory Rules: 1. No one is allowed to use the laboratory facilities without permission of the Department Lab Manager. 2. In order to use the laboratory facilities, you must schedule it at least 5 business days prior to the day of intended use. 3. No one is allowed to take out any equipment, devices and/or tools from the MME laboratories without permission of the Department Lab Manager. 4. Written permission or documentation is necessary when borrowing any equipment, devices and/or tools from the MME laboratories. The documentation must include the reason, usage, return date and signature of the Department Lab Manager. Return of the equipment must be punctual and without any damage. 5. Everyone must sign in before using the MME laboratories, and sign out when leaving. 6. No food, drink (except water), or gum is permitted in the laboratory. 7. Everyone must follow the instructions during any experiments. 8. When finishing with the experiments, everyone is responsible for putting back what was used to its original place and for shutting off the power. 9. Everyone is responsible for his or her own safety. 10. Everyone who uses the MME laboratory facilities is responsible to provide experimental documentation (with certain exemptions). Lab Report Format and Guide Required Format for Lab Reports 1. All laboratory reports must be done on a computer using a word processing software program. a. All mechanical engineering students have access to the computer laboratory, where all the computers have the software required to comply with this requirement. 2. Reports must be in Adobe PDF format. 3. Allow for a one inch margin on each edge of the paper. 4. The major headings in the report should be on the left-hand side and underlined. 5. Number all pages, including plots and appendices, at the bottom right-hand corner of the page. 6. The report (PDF) must be named in the following manner: Class_Section_Experiemnt#_Group#_.pdf 7. Remember, laboratory report grades are unduly influenced by the quality of the presentation of the report. Report Sections All reports should contain the following sections: 1. Title Page a. The title page should include the experiment's title, group number, names of the members of your group, and the date of the experiment. 2. Table of Contents, List of Tables, and List of Figures a. A table of contents should be provided for ease of locating the desired material of the report. The table of contents gives page numbers for easy reference to the individual sections of the report, and provides an outline of the topics to be covered in the report. b. All tables in a report should be numbered and titled. The list of tables is the index to all tables in the report. c. All figures in a report should be numbered and titled. The list of figures is the index to all figures in the report. All graphs and sketches are to be given figure numbers and titles. 3. Nomenclature a. A list of all mathematical symbols with their respective units and description. 4. Abstract a. The abstract is the last section that is written and the first section that is read of a technical report. All technical reports should begin with an abstract. The abstract is a summary or synopsis of the experiment written for the reader who wants to know whether or not he/she would be interested in reading the full text of the uploads/Litterature/ eml4906l-lab-guide 1 .pdf