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Guide to the Japanese-Language Profciency Test (JLPT) in the United States What

Guide to the Japanese-Language Profciency Test (JLPT) in the United States What is the Japanese-Language Profciency Test? The largest Japanese-language test in the world The JLPT is a test for non-native speakers of Japanese which evaluates and certifes their Japanese-language profciency. The test is simultaneously conducted once a year in the United States. The JLPT began in 1984. While at the beginning just 7,000 people applied to take the test in 15 countries and areas worldwide, by 2009 the number of examinees had risen to as many as 770,000 in 54 countries and areas around the world. Currently, it is the largest Japanese-language test in the world. Cities where the JLPT was administered (December test in 2009) Number of examinees and cities where the JLPT was administered Cities where the JLPT was administered Japan: 33 prefectures Number of examinees Number of cities where the JLPT was administered Korea: 22 cities 768,113 examinees 206 cities (persons) (cities) (year) 206 cities in 54 countries and areas around the world Serves a variety of purposes According to the Survey of Overseas Organizations Involved in Japanese-Language Education conducted by the Japan Foundation every three years, the number of students studying Japanese outside of Japan grew from 127,000 in 1979 to 3.65 million in 2009. Along with the increase in students, the number of JLPT examinees has increased. Today, people of various ages, from elementary school students to working individuals, take the JLPT. In addition, the JLPT is used not only to measure ability but also for a variety of purposes, including employment screening and evaluation for pay raises and promotions as well as to recognize qualifcations. Number of Japanese-language students overseas Breakdown of examinees Reasons for taking the JLPT Source: Survey of Overseas Organizations Involved in Japanese-Language Education, the Japan Foundation (provisional fgures) (persons) (year) Elementary-school student (primary education) Middle-school or high-school student (secondary education) University or graduate-school student (higher education) Student at other educational institution (language school, etc.) Employed (company employee, public servant, educator, self-employed, etc.) Other No response Necessary for admission into university or graduate school in my own country Necessary for admission into university or graduate school in Japan Necessary for admission or as proof of profciency for other educational institution in my own country Necessary for admission or as proof of profciency for other educational institution in Japan Useful for my work or will be useful in obtaining employment, securing salary increase or promotion in my own country Useful for my work or will be useful in obtaining employment, securing salary increase or promotion in Japan To measure my own level of profciency for reasons other than listed above Other No response * Respondents: Overseas examinees taking the December test in 2009 (valid samples: N=423,961) in 170 cities in 52 countries where the Japan Foundation administered the JLPT. What is the Japanese-Language Profciency Test? Characteristics of the New JLPT The new JLPT started in 2010. Increased focus on communicative competence Five levels ofered; examinees can select the right level Over the course of the JLPT’s nearly three decades of history, the number of Japanese-language students has increased and their reasons for studying and using Japanese have become more diverse. In December 2010, the JLPT was revised to meet this changing environment. The new JLPT (new test) incorporates those revisions while inheriting content from the previous test (old test). The new test emphasizes not only (1) knowledge of Japanese-language vocabulary and grammar but also the (2) ability to use the knowledge in actual communication. Thus, it measures (1) through the Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar) test section and (2) through the Reading and Listening test sections. The new test comprehensively measures communicative competence in Japanese through a combined assessment of these sections. The new test ofers fve levels (N1, N2, N3, N4, N5). Each level has diferent test items in order to measure each examinee’s Japanese-language profciency as accurately as possible. The old test ofered four levels (Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, Level 4). The new test adds one new level that falls between Levels 2 and 3 in the old test; with a total of fve levels, the new test allows examinees to select the level that is right for them. * As with the old test, the new test is a multiple-choice exam that is scored by computer. There is no test section where applicants’ speaking or writing abilities are directly evaluated. Four key points of the new JLPT POINT POINT Summary of linguistic competence required for each level & corresponding levels of new and old tests Level Summary of linguistic competence required for each level Corresponding levels of new and old tests The ability to understand Japanese used in a variety of circumstances. Approximately the same level as the old Level 1 test, but designed to measure slightly more advanced abilities. Approximately the same level as the old Level 2 test. Positioned at a level bridging the old Level 2 and Level 3 tests. Approximately the same level as the old Level 3 test. Approximately the same level as the old Level 4 test. The ability to understand Japanese used in everyday situations, and in a variety of circumstances to a certain degree. The ability to understand Japanese used in everyday situations to a certain degree. The ability to understand some basic Japanese. The ability to understand basic Japanese. easy difcult * Please see Page 6 for details of linguistic competence required for each level. Newly established Characteristics of the New JLPT More accurately measures Japanese-language competence Insights on Japanese-language activities that can be performed The new test adopted a new scoring method to more accurately refect examinees’ Japanese-language competence in scores. Scores are calculated as “scaled” scores instead of raw scores. Scores in the old test were raw scores calculated by the number of questions answered correctly. It is inevitable that the level of difculty of the test changes slightly from session to session no matter how carefully questions are designed. Depending on test difculty, this sometimes results in diferent scores for the same competency when raw scores are used. With scaled scores of the new test, how individual examinees answer particular questions (which questions are answered correctly and incorrectly) is reviewed and scores are calculated based on scales for each level. The same scale is always used for the same-level test. Therefore, regardless of difculty of tests at diferent times, examinees with the same profciency have the same score. As outlined here, scaled scores can more accurately and fairly indicate Japanese-language competence at the time of tests. A survey is being conducted on what Japanese-language activities (listening, speaking, reading, writing) successful examinees of each level believe they can do. The result will be titled “Japanese-Language Profciency Test Can-do Self-Evaluation Report” and released as an interim report in July 2011 and the fnal report will be due out in March 2012. Examinees and others will be able to refer to this report to get an idea of “how people who successfully passed this level are able to use Japanese in academic, living and work situations.” POINT POINT Score report Examinees receive a Score Report that shows pass or fail, scores of scoring sections and total score (scaled scores) as well as reference information. (See Page 5 for scoring sections.) The reference information indicates the percentages of correct responses* for each component (ex. Vocabulary and Grammar) according to three levels, A, B and C, when a scoring section has multiple components (ex. Language Knowledge [Vocabulary/ Grammar]). This allows examinees to learn how well they performed in each component and plan for their future Japanese-language study. * The percentage of correct responses is the ratio of correctly answered questions to the total number of questions in each component. The reference information indicates “the number of questions answered correctly,” which difers from scaled scores. It is not used to determine pass or fail. Score report (Sample: For N1-N3) Criteria A: Number of correct responses is 67% or higher B: Number of correct responses is between 34% and 66% C: Number of correct responses is less than 34% Scoring sections (scaled scores) Reference information (percentages of correct responses) N1, N2, N3········Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar) “Vocabulary” and “Grammar” N4, N5··············Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar)・Reading “Vocabulary,” “Grammar” and “Reading” Test Composition and Linguistic Competence Required for Each Level Test sections and test times, scoring sections and range of scores Test sections at the time of tests are shown in the “Test sections and test times” table at left. Scoring sections in test results are shown in the “Scoring sections and range of scores” table at right. Please compare the two tables from left to right to see how test sections and scoring sections correspond. With N1 and N2, one test section, “Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar) • Reading,” is divided into two scoring sections, “Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar)” and “Reading.” With N3, two test sections, “Language Knowledge (Vocabulary)” and “Language Knowledge (Grammar) • Reading,” are restructured as two scoring sections, “Language Knowledge (Vocabulary/Grammar)” and “Reading.” With N4 and N5, two uploads/Litterature/ guide-to-jlpt.pdf