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DIVERSITÉ ET IDENTITÉ CULTURELLE EN EUROPE TOME 11/1 Editura Muzeul Literaturii

DIVERSITÉ ET IDENTITÉ CULTURELLE EN EUROPE TOME 11/1 Editura Muzeul Literaturii Române Bucureşti, 2014 Publicaţie semestrială editată de: Muzeul Naţional al Literaturii Române Director fondator: Prof. univ. dr. Petre Gheorghe Bârlea, U.O.C. Colegiul de redacţie: Acad. Marius Sala, Vicepreşedinte al Academiei Române Prof. univ. dr. Libuše Valentová, Universitatea „Carol al IV-lea” Praga, Republica Cehă Prof. univ. dr. Lucian Chişu, Institutul „George Călinescu” al Academiei Române; Muzeul Naţional al Literaturii Române, Bucureşti Conf. univ. dr. Roxana-Magdalena Bârlea, Academia de Studii Economice, Bucureşti Prof. univ. dr. Cécile Vilvandre de Sousa, Universidad „Castilla- La Mancha”, Ciudad Real, Spania Prof. univ. dr. Emmanuelle Danblon, Université Libre de Bruxelles – Université d’Europe Secretariat de redacţie: Constantin-Georgel Stoica Angela Stănescu Ioana Raicu Tehnoredactare şi design: Constantin-Georgel Stoica Mihai Cuciureanu Adresa redacţiei: Bulevardul Dacia, nr. 12, Bucureşti, CP 010402, Romania http://www.mnlr.ro/ro-dice.html Scientific Board: ANGELESCU,Silviu,UniversitateadinBucureşti,DepartamentuldeStudiiCulturale,Prof.univ.dr. BUNACIU,OtnielIoan,UniversitateadinBucureşti,Decan,Prof.univ.dr. BUSUIOC,Monica,InstitutuldeLingvisticăBucureşti,Cercetătorst.pr. CHIRCU,Adrian,UniversitateaBabeş-BolyaiCluj-Napoca,DepartamentuldeLimbaRomânăşiLingvisticăGenerală,Lectoruniv.dr. CHIVU,Gheorghe,UniversitateadinBucureşti,AcademiaRomână,Prof.univ.dr.,MembrualAcademieiRomână CODLEANU,Mioara,Universitatea„Ovidius”Constanţa,Conf.univ.dr. CONSTANTINESCU,Mihaela,UniversitateadinBucureşti,DepartamentuldeStudiiCulturale-Director,Prof.univ.dr. COSTA,Ioana,UniversitateadinBucureşti,FacultateadeLimbiStrăine,DepartamentuldeLimbiClasice,Prof.univ.,Cercetătorst.pr. COŞEREANU,Valentin,CentrulNaţionaldeStudii„MihaiEminescu”Ipoteşti,Dr.Cercetătorst.pr. CRISTESCU,Ioan,MuzeulNaţionalalLiteraturiiRomâne,Bucureşti,Cercetătorst.pr. DANCĂ,Wilhelm,UniversitateadinBucureşti,FacultateadeTeologieCatolică,Prof.univ.dr.,Decan. DASCĂLU,Crişu,AcademiaRomână,Filiala„TituMaiorescu”Timişoara,Prof.univ.dr.,Director. DINU,Mihai,UniversitateadinBucureşti,FacultateadeLitere,Prof.univ.dr. DULCIU,Dan,Societatea„MihaiEminescu”Bucureşti,Traducător,Curator. FLOREA,Silvia,Universitatea„LucianBlaga”Sibiu,DepartamentuldeLimbiModerne,Conf.univ.dr. INKOVA,Olga,UniversitédeGenève,DépartementdeLanguesMéditerranéennes,SlavesetOrientales,Prof.univ.dr.,Directeur. IOANA,Nicolae,UniversitateaDunăreadeJosGalaţ,Decan,Prof.univ.dr. ISPAS,Sabina,InstitutuldeEtnografieşiFolclorBucureşti,AcademiaRomână,Director,MembrualAcademieiRomâne. LOÏC,Nicolas,UniversitéLibredeBruxelles,GRAL-Dr.,Cercetător. MANZOTTI,Emilio,UniversitédeGenève,DépartementdeLanguesRomanes,Prof.univ.dr.,Directeur. MITU,Mihaela,UniversitateadinPiteşti,Conf.univ.dr. MOROIANU,Cristian,UniversiatateadinBucureşti,FacultateadeLitere,Conf.univ.dr.,Prodecan. NAŠINEC,Jiri,Universitatea„CarolIV”Praga,DepartamentulAntropologieşiStudiiCulturale,Prof.univ.dr. NĂDRAG,Lavinia,Universitatea„Ovidius”Constanţa,DepartamentuldeLimbiModerne,Prof.univ.dr.,Director. NICOLAE,Florentina,Universitatea„Ovidius”Constanţa,Conf.univ.dr. PANEA,Nicolae,UniversitateadinCraiova,Decan,Prof.,univ.dr. PETRESCU,Victor,Redactorrevista„Litere”,Dr. RESTOUEIX,Jean-Philippe,ConsiliulEuropei,Bruxelles,Şefscţie,TODI,Aida-Universitatea„Ovidius”Constanţa,Conf.univ.dr. TOMESCU,EmiliaDomniţa,InstitutuldeLingvisticăBucureşti,Universitatea„PetrolşiGaze”dinPloieşti,Cercetătorst.pr.,Prof.univ.dr. VASILOIU, Ioana,MuzeulNaţionalalLiteraturiiRomâne,Bucureşti,Cercetător. WALD,Lucia,UniversitateadinBucureşti,FacultateadeLimbiStrăine,DepartamentuldeLimbiClasice,Prof.univ.dr. Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României Diversité et identité culturelle en Europe/Diversitate şi identitate culturală în Europa / Editor: Petre Gheorghe Bârlea ISSN: 2067 - 0931 An XI, nr. 1 – Bucureşti: Editura Muzeul Literaturii Române - 2014. 151 p. 008(4+498)(063) Diversité et Identité Culturelle en Europe 5 SOMMAIRE FONDEMENTS DU DIALOGUE CULTUREL Fee-Alexandra HAASE ‘Cosmos’, the ‘order of the Universe’, and the ‘Spheres of the World’: the tradition of the conceptualization of ‘globalization’ in the discourse of philosophy/7 Fabiola KADI Poésie et religion, leurs rapports et leurs particularités dans la vie de l’homme/33 Silvia FLOREA; Peter J. WELLS; Diana FLOREA The web is the limit: language, culture and MOOCs/53 Angela STĂNESCU Collocation-centred approaches to teaching and learning English vocabulary/67 Edlira XEGA The implementation of syllabi for the study of English in conformity with the Common European Framework of Reference /73 CONFLUENCES Adrian CHIRCU La relation entre les adverbes et les vocabulaires fondamental et représentatif de la langue roumaine/95 Diversité et Identité Culturelle en Europe 6 Petre Gheorghe BÂRLEA; Ana Maria PANŢU The etymologic structure of Romanian mythonyms (I) /105 Eva ÇËRAVA (KANE); Anyla SARAÇI The phraseology of “head” in relation with Balkan mentality (contrastive analysis of the phraseology of Albanian, Bulgarian and Greek languages)/125 CONVERGENCES ET DIVERGENCES IDENTITAIRES Gjergji PENDAVINJI; Robert STRATOBERDHA La communication interculturelle et la négociation de l’identité des Albanais/ 133 Ramona Elena STANCIU The modern evolution of Tîrgovişte Town’s cultural life (1878-1914)/ 147 Diversité et Identité Culturelle en Europe 7 FONDEMENTS DU DIALOGUE CULTUREL „‘COSMOS’, THE ‘ORDER OF THE UNIVERSE’, AND THE ‘SPHERES OF THE WORLD’: THE TRADITION OF THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF ‘GLOBALIZATION’ IN THE DISCOURSE OF PHILOSOPHY” Fee-Alexandra HAASE University of Nizwa f.haase1@gmx.de Abstract: Philosophy has until present time a stable usage of the term and concept of the ‘sphere’ as a part of the representation of the world around us. We trace this path of the ‘sphere’ in the Western philosophy and the status the concepts of ‘world’, ‘universe’, and ‘sphere’ had for the worldview of philosophers in the history of the Western culture. We will show that recently European philosophers have joint this concept of the ‘sphere’ with the idea of ‘globalization’. But before the emergence of ‘globalization’ the previous conceptualizations of the ‘world’ in philosophy have had a different function than in contemporary political and economic thinking of the discourse of ‘globalization’. For the philosopher it established the reality, which surrounds the human, while the economic and political proponents of ‘globalization’ describe and use ‘globalization’ as a process they are performing. Even the contemporary philosophers using ‘globalization’ refer to this complex discourse. Keywords: History of Globalization - History of European Philosophy - Discourse Studies - 'Public Sphere' - Conceptualization - Global Discourse - Cultural History of Globalization. Diversité et Identité Culturelle en Europe 8 1. Introduction: The Discourse of Philosophy of the ‘World’: A Distinction of the Concepts ‘World’, ‘Universe’, and ‘Cosmos’ vs. the Human Being Many aspects of philosophy concern the world around us; so philosophy is interested in the origin and order of the world in the sense of the surrounding reality, asks about the conditions of this reality and the perception of it, and the separation of the human ‘I’ or ‘Ego’ and the surrounding world . But also the evolutionary and social development of the world around us from a historical perspective as described by Marx concerns philosophers. The question of the representation of the world in our language and the interaction of mind, language, and the reality around us are also topics of philosophy inquiring the world around us. ‘World’, ‘universe’, and ‘sphere’ are used in philosophical writings as the concepts, which refer to the reality the human is located in; this reality is often the counterpoint to the human experienced by the person as the otherness of the world, which we perceive through our senses and arrange in our mind. The relationship between both, ‘human’ and ‘world’, and the conditions of the reception of the ‘world’ in the mind of the human are discussed in philosophical discourses. On other words expressed: The philosophers’ ‘world’ is a conceptual term and in some regard a metaphorical placeholder for the representation of the surrounding environment. As such, it is only distinguishable from the human as the area the human operates in and experiences as different from himself or herself. It seems like the philosophers used since antiquity used the concepts of ‘word’, ‘universe’, and ‘cosmos’ as the framing markers of their thinking mind, which aimed at the most abstract and commonly acceptable concepts humans are able to think about. So the early Greek philosophers have used the term ‘cosmos’ for the universe in an ordered way as a whole; the ‘spheres’ were considered even still in Christian thinking as the separated parts of the Diversité et Identité Culturelle en Europe 9 world, which surrounded the earth, until the scholars in Renaissance started with their inquiry of the world using the natural sciences and distancing themselves from the religious answers. But the idea of the areas of the world around us was still formulated after the paradigm change of the sciences gave up the ideas of the layers or spheres of the world. In logic the ‘universe of discourse’ is a class, which brings a virtually endless number of arguments, which can be derives from it. ‘Cosmos’ means according to the The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (2000) the universe regarded as an orderly, harmonious whole, an ordered, harmonious whole, and harmony and order as distinct from chaos. Cosmos in Collins English Dictionary (2003) means the world or universe considered as an ordered system, any ordered system, harmony, and order. The word ‘cosmos’ is known since 1150–1200 and derived from Middle English and Greek kósmos for ‘order’, ‘form’, ‘arrangement’, ‘the world’, and ‘universe’. According to Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary (2010) ‘cosmos’ means the world or universe regarded as an orderly, harmonious system, a complete, orderly, harmonious system, an order and harmony, and any of a genus, Cosmos, of New World composite plants having open clusters of flowers with red or yellow disks and wide rays of white, pink, or purple. In contemporary research literature regarding philosophy the concept ‘sphere’ is used, which can be traced back to the earliest Greek philosophy and cosmological writings. Habermas as social philosopher of pragmatism made the ‘public sphere’ as the place of structural transformation in social theory and epistemology famous. The ‘universe of discourse’ or ‘domain of discourse’ is in logic a class containing all the entities referred to in a discourse or an argument. In formal logic the argument is defined by this ‘universe of discourse’. Every argument or statement made in that universe applies to all entities of the universe. Volkmer uses the term ‘global public sphere’: “The strategy of Diversité et Identité Culturelle en Europe 10 international communication theory, should be to develop a methodology for the understanding of 'particular' interpretations, meanings, relevances of the global public sphere, to detect the specifics of this communication space for different world regions - in times of peace and times of crisis.” Fiss and Hirsch (2005: 30) stated that “how major events are constructed in public discourse continues to be a topic of interest across disciplines. Particularly large-scale transformations such as industrialization, the emergence of capitalism, democratization, or globalization are marked by discursive struggles over their social and cultural impacts, and the outcome of these struggles may facilitate or impede the transformations’ widespread acceptance.” Brendel (1997) in Symbolism of the Sphere. A Contribution to the History of Earlier Greek Philosophy described the concept of the ‘sphere’ of ancient scholars. Robertson (2009) published under the title Spheres of Reason his New Essays in the Philosophy of Normativity. Inglis (1998) published Spheres of Philosophical Inquiry and the Historiography of Medieval Philosophy. Volkmer (2013) wrote that “it can be argued, that fantasies and ‘ideas’ of the ‘world’ as a somehow common place have existed since Plato described in his dialogue Timaeus the history of uploads/Litterature/ the-phraseology-of-quot-head-quot-in-relation-with-balkan-mentality-obavezno-ubaciti-u-literaturu.pdf