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Conférence internationale / International Conference L'Egypte pré- et protodyna

Conférence internationale / International Conference L'Egypte pré- et protodynastique. Les origines de l'Etat Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt. Origin of the State Toulouse (France) - 5-8 sept. 2005 Livret des Résumés / Abstracts of Papers édité par / edited by B. MIDANT-REYNES, Y. TRISTANT avec la collaboration de / with the Collaboration of J. ROWLAND, S. HENDRICKX Toulouse 2005 1 Conférence internationale placée sous le haut patronage de Monsieur Martin MALVY, Président de la Région Midi-Pyrénées Comité d'honneur Committee of Honour Président Jean LECLANT, Secrétaire perpétuel de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Paris Membres Zahi HAWASS, Secrétaire général du Conseil Suprême des Antiquités, Le Caire. Représenté par Ateya RADWAN, Directeur des fouilles et des missions étrangères, Le Caire Mohamed ABDEL MAQSOUD, Directeur général des antiquités du delta du Nil, Le Caire Holeil GHALI, Directeur général des antiquités de la Haute-Egypte, Le Caire Khalid SAAD, Directeur de la Division Préhistoire du Conseil Suprême des Antiquités, Le Caire Jean-Pierre ALBERT, Directeur d'étude à l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Toulouse Nicolas GRIMAL, Professeur au Collège de France, Paris Jean GUILAINE, Professeur au Collège de France, Paris Danièle HERVIEU-LEGER, Présidente de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris Georges LARROUY, Président honoraire de l'Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse Comité scientifique Scientific Committee Nathalie BUCHEZ, Inrap, Amiens Krzysztof M. CIALOWICZ, Université Jagellone, Cracovie Eric CRUBÉZY, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse Renée FRIEDMAN, British Museum, Londres Ulrich HARTUNG, Institut archéologique allemand, Le Caire Stan HENDRICKX, Provinciale Hogeschool Limburg, Hasselt / Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven Christiana KÖHLER, Macquarie University, Sydney Béatrix MIDANT-REYNES, Cnrs, Centre d'anthropologie, Toulouse Comité d'organisation Organisation Committee Présidente de la conférence Béatrix MIDANT-REYNES, Cnrs, Centre d'anthropologie, Toulouse Secrétaire Général de la conférence Yann TRISTANT, Ehess, Centre d'anthropologie, Toulouse Chargée de communication Evelyne TISSIER, Cnrs, Centre d'anthropologie, Toulouse Chargés des relations publiques Christiane PETIT, Kristi LORIN et Jean-Philippe DELAGE Coordinateur des résumés et des communications B. MIDANT-REYNES et Y. TRISTANT, avec la collaboration de Stan HENDRICKX et Joanne ROWLAND 2 Artisanat, spécialisation technique Craft and craft specialisation Responsable scientifique Scientific Manager : Christiana KÖHLER (Macquarie University, Sydney) Président de séance Chairman : Christiana KÖHLER (Macquarie University, Sydney) Discutant Respondent : Thomas HIKADE (University of British Columbia, Vancouver) Sciences environnementales Environmental sciences Responsable scientifique Scientific Manager : Renée FRIEDMAN (British Museum, London) Président de séance Chairman : Morgan DE DAPPER (Ghent University, Ghent) Discutant Respondent : Renée FRIEDMAN (British Museum, London) & Ahmed G. FAHMY (University of Helwan, Helwan) Anthropobiologie et écologie humaine à l'époque prédynastique Bioanthropology and Human Ecology at Predynastic Times Responsable scientifique Scientific Manager : Eric CRUBÉZY (Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse) Président de séance Chairman : Jerome C. ROSE (University of Arkansas, Fayetteville) Discutant Respondent : Eric CRUBÉZY (Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse) Relations internationals Foreign Relations Responsable scientifique Scientific Manager : Edwin C.M. VAN DEN BRINK (Israel Antiquities Authority, Tel Aviv) Président de séance Chairman : Edwin C.M. VAN DEN BRINK (Israel Antiquities Authority, Tel Aviv) Discutant Respondent : Marcelo CAMPAGNO (University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires) Interactions entre les déserts et la vallée du Nil Interactions between the Desert and the Nile Valley Responsable scientifique Scientific Manager : Heiko RIEMER (Universität zu Köln, Köln) Président de séance Chairman : Heiko RIEMER (Universität zu Köln, Köln) Interactions entre la Haute et la Basse Egypte Interactions between Upper and Lower Egypt Responsable scientifique Scientific Manager : Ulrich HARTUNG (German Institute of Archaeology, Cairo) Président de séance Chairman : Ulrich HARTUNG (German Institute of Archaeology, Cairo) Discutant Respondent : Diana PATCH (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York) Naissance de l'écriture et royauté Birth of Writing and Kingship Responsable scientifique Scientific Manager : John BAINES (Faculty of Oriental Studies, Oxford) Président de séance Chairman : John BAINES (Faculty of Oriental Studies, Oxford) Discutant Respondent : Christiana KÖHLER (Macquarie University, Sydney) Culte, idéologie et complexité sociale Cult, Ideology and Social Complexity Responsable scientifique Scientific Manager : Krzysztof CIALOWICZ (Jagiellonian University, Kraków) Président de séance Chairman : Krzysztof CIALOWICZ (Faculty of Oriental Studies, Oxford) Discutants Respondents : Stan HENDRICKX (Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven) & Mostafa ATALLAH (Faculty of Archaeology, University of Cairo, Cairo) 3 Communications A Preliminary Report on the Excavations of the Old Kingdom-Late Predynastic Strata of Mendes (1999-2005) Matthew ADAMS (Pennsylvania State University, Philadelphia) This paper reports on the excavation of several units containing stratified material from the end of the Old Kingdom into the Late Predynastic levels. This work has been conducted under the auspices of the Pennsylvania state University and under the direction of the project leader, Donald B. Redford. In 1999 the decision was made to begin work in unit AJ-A with the intent of excavating as deep as possible in order to expose a significant stratigraphic section of the tell. The location of the unit was strategically chosen by Professor Redford on the edge of the mounded succession of remains of the provincial temple that date back to at least as early as the end of the Old Kingdom. Work on the temple mound had exposed a destruction of the Old Kingdom temple and indicated the opportunity to be had in excavating on the slope of the temple mound. The work in unit AJ-A was started with the intention of acquiring a stratigraphic profile of the site from the 6th Dynasty remains at the surface down to the local water table. By the end of 2001 we had excavated through 6 building phases and reached architecture dating to the 1st Dynasty. At that time we initiated a small auguring project to discover where the water table lay in this area, for we expected to encounter it very soon based on the experiences of other excavations in the Nile Delta. Much to our surprise and excitement, the 1st Dynasty architecture reached in 2001 had more than five metres of dry excavatable earth beneath it. The auguring also revealed that we would not have to dig that deep anyway because the cultural termi- nus is somewhere around 1.5m ASL, that is, 4.5m below our 1st Dynasty architecture. As we conti- nued excavation there over the next four years we opened two adjacent units. Our excavations thus far have revealed six major building phases covering the first six dynasties. With the 2004 excavation season finished, we have completed work on the phase 6 building dating to the 1st Dynasty. It is clear that based on inscriptional (seal impressions) and cera- mic evidence that we are on the cusp of the period of state formation (Naqada IIIb/c). At the time of the submission of this abstract, we are preparing for the 2005 season, which will take place in May and June. Our plans for the area are to finish some detailed work on the 1st Dynasty structure and then remove it. By the time I deliver this paper, there will be new data pertaining to the Late Predynastic. When taken together, the non-Mendesian material from the Delta excavated thus far that in any way adds information to the Predynastic Period through to the end of the Old Kingdom is patchy and disunified through time and is biased away from habitation and historical data. Town sites have been given little attention. Those that have been excava- ted are historically minor and have little temporal coverage, and most of our data on the period in question has come from mortuary contexts. Mendes offers a unique excavation scenario as it is the only town of political significance thus far excavated from the period in question to provide archaeologi- cal uninterrupted stratification from the prehistoric period through to the 6th Dynasty. The gap in our early history and archaeo- logy, then, is clear. What circumstances have lead to this archaeological gap? With regards the Nile Delta, the problems are unique. There are two basic reasons why archaeology in general in the Delta (and excavations of the Predynastic/Early Dynastic tran- sition in particular) has been limited until recently. The first is that it was thought that many of the early settlements in the Nile Delta were buried under several metres of alluvium over the last several thousand years, and that work to excavate them (if one could find them in the first place) would be cost prohibitive and yield few results for the enormous amount of labour involved. It is becoming clearer with every season that many early towns were cons- tructed on natural levees, where silt would not have been deposited. The second reason is that the sites not covered by alluvium were presumed to be well below both later habitation and the water table itself. The Buto expedition encountered the water table during excavations of the early town and was able to artificially reduce the local water table with the support of a generous grant by Volkswagen. As a result, the Buto team has made many exciting disco- veries relating to the Early Dynastic and Predynastic town, setting a milestone for the archaeology of the Pre- and Early Dynastic Delta. The water table, indeed, is a problem. However, local water tables exist at varying levels depending on uploads/Litterature/ parametri-drzavnosti-origin-of-the-state-toulouse-conference-2005.pdf