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TOEFL Quick Guide A S I M P L E I N T R O D U C T I O N T O T H E T O E F L The

TOEFL Quick Guide A S I M P L E I N T R O D U C T I O N T O T H E T O E F L The TOEFL Quick Guide A Simple Introduction to the TOEFL The TOEFL Quick Guide A Simple Introduction to the TOEFL 1 The TOEFL Quick Guide A Simple Introduction to the TOEFL The Reading Section I don’t know why you are taking the TOEFL, and neither does the TOEFL. No matter your reason for taking the test, the fact remains you have to do it. With that in mind, consider what this test was originally designed to do: determine whether you are prepared to enter an American college classroom. The passages in the Reading section mirror the kind of texts you can expect to be assigned in your first year of college. The very first part of the TOEFL exam is the Reading section. In the Reading, you will find three academic passages, each followed by a series of questions. Each passage is approximately 700 words long. The subjects are unpredictable. Each TOEFL test is different, so there’s no way for you to anticipate what kind of topic you will encounter on test day. However, when you register for the TOEFL, you will be asked about your field of study. Expect to have topics that are somewhat related to your major. Possible academic topics are not limited to, but include, architecture, biology, astronomy, physics, anthropology, American history, meteorology, and so on. You will be given 60 minutes to complete the Reading section, and that’s going to be a challenge. After each reading passage, you will find 12-14 questions about the text. In other words, you have 60 minutes to read approximately 2100 words (700 words per passage) and answer 40 questions (12-14 questions per passage). Reading 2100 words and answering 40 questions in 60 minutes is tough. You probably won’t have enough time to read the passage and then answer the questions. The questions are arranged in the same order as the reading passage, so most TOEFL takers don’t have a problem reading while answering questions at the same time. For example, if question two is in paragraph two, 95% of the time the answer to question three will either be in a later sentence in paragraph two, or in paragraph three. The answer for question three would not be in paragraph one, because that would put it out of sequential order. In other words, each question is placed in relation to where the answer is in the reading. It’s also important for you to be familiar with what the TOEFL test looks like on a computer screen. Look at the image on the following page. Be sure to monitor your time carefully on the top right. Time management is a crucial aspect of the entire exam, but it’s particularly important for the Reading section. When you practice at home, be sure to practice with a clock. 2 The TOEFL Quick Guide A Simple Introduction to the TOEFL Be sure to answer every question, even if you’re not sure of the answer. Each question counts, so don’t leave anything blank. Leave yourself a minute or two at the end of the reading section to look back and make sure you answered everything. The highest score you can earn on the TOEFL exam is 120. Each section is worth 30 points. The Reading section of the exam is scored based on your answers to the questions. Most questions are worth one point. During the exam, you will have three questions that are worth either two or three points. There are ten different question types: vocabulary questions, detail questions, negative detail questions, author’s purpose questions, inference questions, paraphrasing questions, sentence insertion questions, pronoun referent questions, organization questions and summary questions. These sometimes go by different names, but check the chart on the following page for ways to identify each question. *** Note that you will sometimes be given an extra reading passage. In these instances, you will have four passages and eighty minutes to complete the reading section. 3 The TOEFL Quick Guide A Simple Introduction to the TOEFL The Reading Section Question Types Question Type Frequency (per section) Question Values Question Phrasing 1. vocabulary 10-12 1 “The word _________ in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to…” 2. detail 10-12 1 “According to paragraph 4, what....” “Which of the following...” “It is stated in paragraph 4 that...” 3. negative detail 4-6 1 “All of the following are mentioned in paragraph 3 EXCEPT...” “Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2....” 4. inference 3-5 1 “What can be inferred from paragraph 5 about...” “Paragraph 5 implies that...” “Paragraph 5 suggests...” 5. author’s purpose 3-5 1 “In paragraph 6, the author discusses ________ in order to...” “Why does the author mention...” 6. paraphrasing 3 1 “Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 4?” 7. sentence insertion 3 1 “In paragraph 2 there is a missing sentence. Where would the sentence best fit?” 8. pronoun referent 0-1 1 “The word _________ in paragraph 1 refers to...” 9. summary 2-3 2 “An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage.” 10. organization 0-1 2-3 “Complete the table below to summarize information about _________ in the passage. Match the appropriate statements to _________ 4 The TOEFL Quick Guide A Simple Introduction to the TOEFL The Listening Section The Reading section of the exam is followed by the Listening section. Like the Reading section, you will be given 60 minutes to complete it. The Listening section consists of two parts, and each part includes three listening passages. One listening passage will be a campus conversation, and the other two will be academic lectures. Both parts of the Listening section will begin with a conversation between a student and someone who works on campus. Besides professors, you might also hear conversations where students consult teacher’s assistants, librarians, office workers, or advisors. These passages are intended to reflect the kind of conversations you will have on an American college campus. Each conversation will last between two to four minutes. Five questions follow every conversation passage, and the first question is usually a gist question (also known as main idea question). Following the campus conversations are academic lectures. Each lecture is followed by six questions. The lectures are about five minutes long. Many students consider the lectures more challenging than the conversations. Most of the time, TOEFL lecture passages consist of one professor talking to a class. There are other instances, however, where the lecture sounds more like a discussion. The professor not only lectures, but also encourages students to ask questions and offer ideas. Both types of academic passages are meant to judge whether you are prepared to listen to and participate in a freshman level course at a North American university. If you’re going to succeed on the TOEFL, you must take notes. Some students feel more comfortable relying on their memory to answer questions. If you are strongly against taking notes, then don’t take notes. Still, notetaking is an invaluable skill to utilize during the entire test, but it’s particularly important for the Listening section. If you listen to a five-minute lecture without taking a single note, you will struggle to answer detail questions, and they are the most common question type in the Listening. If you can not follow the lecture and take notes at the same time, then practice. Keep practicing until you feel comfortable doing both. In the Listening section, you will not be able to jump around and skip questions like in the reading. You must answer every listening question in order. You can not go back to answer a question you skipped. The only thing you need to pay attention to on the screen is the clock and the next button (refer to the image on page two). A good rule of thumb is that it should not take you longer than 90 seconds to answer a question. If you are really struggling with a question and can not figure out the answer, it is best to take a guess and move on so you do not run out of time. However, in the Listening section, time management usually is not an issue. The Reading and Listening section of the TOEFL exam follow a very similar format. Each section presents a passage and then asks multiple choice questions about the passage. The question types are slightly different in the Listening section. In this section, you will be asked gist-content questions, gist-purpose 5 The TOEFL Quick Guide A Simple Introduction to the TOEFL questions, detail questions, attitude questions, function questions, inference questions, and organization questions. These sometimes go by different names in different books, but check the chart below uploads/Litterature/ toefl-quick-guide-tec.pdf