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2018-2019 FIRST® Tech Challenge Robot Wiring Guide 2018-2019 FIRST® Tech Challe

2018-2019 FIRST® Tech Challenge Robot Wiring Guide 2018-2019 FIRST® Tech Challenge Robot Wiring Guide 2 | FIRST® Tech Challenge Robot Wiring Guide Revision 1.1: 10.22.2018 Sponsor Thank You Thank you to our generous sponsors for your continued support of the FIRST® Tech Challenge! FIRST® Tech Challenge Robot Wiring Guide | 3 Gracious Professionalism® - “Doing your best work while treating others with respect and kindness - It’s what makes FIRST, first.” Volunteer Thank You Thank you for taking the time to volunteer for a FIRST® Tech Challenge event. FIRST® and FIRST® Tech Challenge rely heavily on volunteers to ensure events run smoothly and are a fun experience for teams and their families, which could not happen without people like you. With over 5,500 teams competing yearly, your dedication and commitment are essential to the success of each event and the FIRST Tech Challenge program. Thank you for your time and effort in supporting the mission of FIRST! Revision History Revision Date Description 1 9/17/2018 Initial Release 1.1 10/22/2018 Minor text and formatting changes. Contents Contents ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 What is FIRST® Tech Challenge? .................................................................................................................. 5 FIRST Core Values ........................................................................................................................................ 5 NOTICE OF NON-DISCRIMINATION ............................................................................................................ 5 Gracious Professionalism® ................................................................................................................................ 5 Thank you.......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction to Robot Wiring .............................................................................................................................. 6 Section 1 ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 Mounting the Android Phone ...................................................................................................................... 7 Battery Connections ................................................................................................................................... 8 Installing Anderson PowerPoles ............................................................................................................... 10 Power Switch ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Replacing Tinned Wire ............................................................................................................................. 11 Section 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 13 Common Problems ...................................................................................................................................... 13 Hardware Problems and Their Mitigations ................................................................................................ 13 Connection Issues .................................................................................................................................... 13 Common Pitfalls and Their Solutions ........................................................................................................... 15 Daisy Chaining Electronic Parts ................................................................................................................ 16 Haphazard Battery and Controller Placement ........................................................................................... 16 Section 3 ......................................................................................................................................................... 17 Wire Management Tips ................................................................................................................................ 17 Use Proper Strain Relief ........................................................................................................................... 17 Conduct Proper Maintenance ................................................................................................................... 18 Keep It Neat ............................................................................................................................................. 18 4 | FIRST® Tech Challenge Robot Wiring Guide Revision 1.1: 10.22.2018 Use Proper Wire Management ................................................................................................................. 18 Tie Down All Wiring .................................................................................................................................. 19 Dealing with Moving Parts ............................................................................................................................ 19 Make Wiring Diagrams ............................................................................................................................. 19 Use the Proper Tools ................................................................................................................................ 20 Label Wires .............................................................................................................................................. 21 Section 4 ......................................................................................................................................................... 21 Reducing the Effects of Electrostatic Discharges (ESD) ............................................................................... 21 What is an Electrostatic Discharge Event? ............................................................................................... 21 How Does an ESD Event Disrupt a Robot? .............................................................................................. 21 How Robots Become Charged ................................................................................................................. 21 Discharging a Robot ................................................................................................................................. 22 Best Practices for Mitigating the Effects of ESD ....................................................................................... 23 Section 5 ......................................................................................................................................................... 26 Additional Resources ................................................................................................................................... 26 Appendix A – Resources ................................................................................................................................. 27 Game Forum Q&A ....................................................................................................................................... 27 FIRST Tech Challenge Game Manuals ........................................................................................................ 27 FIRST Headquarters Pre-Event Support ...................................................................................................... 27 FIRST Websites ........................................................................................................................................... 27 FIRST Tech Challenge Social Media ........................................................................................................... 27 Feedback ..................................................................................................................................................... 27 FIRST® Tech Challenge Robot Wiring Guide | 5 Gracious Professionalism® - “Doing your best work while treating others with respect and kindness - It’s what makes FIRST, first.” Introduction What is FIRST® Tech Challenge? FIRST® Tech Challenge is a student-centered program that focuses on giving students a unique and stimulating experience. Each year, teams engage in a new game where they design, build, test, and program autonomous and driver operated robots that must perform a series of tasks. To learn more about FIRST® Tech Challenge and other FIRST® Programs, visit www.firstinspires.org. FIRST Core Values We express the FIRST® philosophies of Gracious Professionalism® and Coopertition® through our Core Values: • Discovery: We explore new skills and ideas. • Innovation: We use creativity and persistence to solve problems. • Impact: We apply what we learn to improve our world. • Inclusion: We respect each other and embrace our differences. • Teamwork: We are stronger when we work together. • Fun: We enjoy and celebrate what we do! NOTICE OF NON-DISCRIMINATION For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology (FIRST®) does not discriminate based on race, color, national origin, sex, disability, age, status as a veteran who served in the military, religion, gender, gender identity, or gender expression in its programs and activities. Keep updated at: http://www.firstinspires.org/about/legal-notices. Gracious Professionalism® FIRST® uses this term to describe our programs’ intent and Gracious Professionalism® is not clearly defined for a reason. It has different meanings to everyone. Some possible meanings of Gracious Professionalism include: • Gracious attitudes and behaviors are win-win. • Gracious folks respect others and let that respect show in their actions. • Gracious Professionals make valued contributions in a way that is pleasing to others and to themselves. In the end, Gracious Professionalism® is part of everyday life. When professionals use their knowledge graciously and individuals act with integrity and sensitivity, everyone wins, and society benefits. Watch Dr. Woodie Flowers explain Gracious Professionalism in this short video. Thank you FIRST Tech Challenge owes a debt of gratitude to the volunteers and teams in AZ who helped us test and evaluate the Electrostatic Disruption mitigation techniques. Thank you to Dave Thompson, Christine Sapio, Rich Gomez, Matt Rainey, Susan Garduno and Robert Garduno. Special thanks also go out to Team 2844, Team 10523, Team 8081, and Team 10984. Our efforts, and these strategies, would not have been possible without their help and testing. 6 | FIRST® Tech Challenge Robot Wiring Guide Revision 1.1: 10.22.2018 Introduction to Robot Wiring Wiring is one of the most important parts of a robot. However, wiring often does not receive the same care and attention as the rest of the robot. Good wiring improves robot performance, allows teams to better troubleshoot problems when they occur, and helps to eliminate intermittent electrical problems. Such wiring takes a lot of patience and practice, and teams should budget time accordingly. In this guide, teams will learn how to properly wire their robot, how to improve wiring reliability, and how to handle hardware issues associated with wiring. • Section 1 of this document covers the allowed control systems that teams may use and recommended additions or changes for each system. • Section 2 of this document discusses common wiring problems and mitigations for them. • Section 3 provides tips for wire management. Figure 1: REV Robotics Expansion Hub Figure 2: Power Distribution Module Figure 3: REV Robotics Color Sensor Figure 4: Core Device Interface Module FIRST® Tech Challenge Robot Wiring Guide | 7 Gracious Professionalism® - “Doing your best work while treating others with respect and kindness - It’s what makes FIRST, first.” • Section 4 explains the phenomena of Electro Static Discharge (ESD) and examines ways to mitigate disruptions caused by ESD. • Section 5 contains links to additional resources and wiring fundamentals Section 1 This guide is not a step-by-step tutorial on how to set up any of the electronics systems. For step-by-step instructions, please visit the REV Robotics or Modern Robotics sites, or watch one of the videos that FIRST has created on the subject. This section will cover best practices for basic robot wiring. It will also cover changes and additions that teams may wish to make as they wire their robot. Note: It is required that teams follow the rules detailed in the Game Manuals. See Game Manual Part 1 for a list of rules about robot wiring. Mounting the Android Phone When attaching the Android Phone to the robot, there are many things to keep in mind. 1. It is important to protect the phone from robot-to-robot contact. 2. The Robot Controller phone uses a wireless radio to communicate with the Driver Station. It should attach to the robot in a location that is protected from physical impact, but that is free from metallic structures that could block the wireless radio signals that are broadcast to and from the phone. Burying a phone deep in the center of a robot’s metallic frame could result in poor wireless performance. 3. To lessen the risk of an electrostatic shock between the phone and the metallic frame of the robot, mount the phone so its back face is not flush against the frame. Electrical tape can be used to insulate the metallic frame from the back face of the phone. 4. Make sure the phone is easily accessible for charging, programming, and emergencies. 5. Make sure the phone sits so the camera is available for Vuforia, if needed. 6. Make sure that wires connected to the phone are not in danger of being bumped, damaged, or disconnected. It is essential there is no chance of stress placed on the wire that connects to the phone because stressing this wire could ruin the phone port. Wires should be properly strain relieved (see Section 3). Phone mounts are available from a various source for FIRST Tech Challenge teams. Figure 5: The cable is secured in place. It is still easy to unplug it for charging, but it will be difficult to accidentally unplug. If the phone moves around, there is enough slack to avoid damaging the USB connector Figure 6: The cable is not supported and is easily damaged or disconnected. The phone is also in direct contact with metal. 8 | FIRST® Tech Challenge Robot Wiring Guide Revision 1.1: 10.22.2018 Note: Every wire connection is a possible point uploads/Management/ robot-wiring-guide.pdf