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MEDICAL IMAGING AND MODERN ART: ENCOUNTERS OVER A VIRTUAL BODY Rémy Potier Asso

MEDICAL IMAGING AND MODERN ART: ENCOUNTERS OVER A VIRTUAL BODY Rémy Potier Association Recherches en psychanalyse | « Recherches en psychanalyse » 2011/2 n° 12 | pages 131 à 139 ISSN 1767-5448 DOI 10.3917/rep.012.0131 Article disponible en ligne à l'adresse : -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- https://www.cairn.info/revue-recherches-en-psychanalyse1-2011-2-page-131.htm -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Distribution électronique Cairn.info pour Association Recherches en psychanalyse. © Association Recherches en psychanalyse. Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage dans une base de données est également interdit. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) © Association Recherches en psychanalyse | Téléchargé le 29/10/2021 sur www.cairn.info (IP: 190.82.244.170) © Association Recherches en psychanalyse | Téléchargé le 29/10/2021 sur www.cairn.info (IP: 190.82.244.170) Recherches en Psychanalyse – Research in Psychoanalysis 12│2011 132 Journal of Psychoanalytic Studies. Hosted by the Department of Psychoanalytic Studies, Paris Diderot at Sorbonne Paris Cité University. Special topic: "Psychoanalysis, the Body and Society” Medical Imaging and Modern Art: Encounters over a Virtual Body Imagerie médicale et art contemporain, rencontres autour d’un corps virtuel Rémy Potier Abstract: Modern art offers us a singular and revealing perspective on the body and the way it is experienced today. Based on this interest in the body, the latter's virtualization has also become a source of artistic inspiration. To present this virtual body, artists sometimes use images produced by medical imaging technologies. The actualization of the virtual body poses a question for them. The images of the body produced by medicine are thus integrated into their artistic works. In an era of sophisticated technological equipment, this encounter between art and medicine raises the question of the position of these images in our culture and the way in which they illustrate our relationship to otherness and to death. Today, medical imaging provides one of the key illustrations of the body, seen at its most intimate. This technology is the inescapable medium through which we imagine our living body, a body that is subject to illness and doomed to death. It is therefore useful to look at contemporary art and what it tells us about the subject’s encounter with medical imaging. The cultural discontent of today is closely related to our immersion in the (virtual) image, while the access to and use of these technologies is becoming increasingly widespread and extends far beyond the field of healthcare. Since the 20th century, art has been trying to show the aspects of the body that these techniques have allowed us to see, as they are gradually seeping into our culture one after another, and ultimately modify our relationship to the body and its representation. X- rays, close-ups, macrophotography—each of these have been enlisted in the service of art. This detour through art can teach us a great deal, helping us see the extent to which looking at these images confounds and challenges the very idea of representation. Résumé : L’art contemporain offre un regard singulier et révélateur concernant le corps, tel qu’il est aujourd’hui vécu. À partir de cet intérêt porté au corps, la question de la virtualisation de celui-ci est également devenue source d’inspiration. Des artistes se saisissent ainsi d’images véhiculées par la médecine à travers l’imagerie pour mettre en scène ce corps virtuel. C’est cette actualisation du corps virtuel qui interpelle les artistes. Ils intègrent ces images du corps issues de la médecine dans leur dispositif artistique. Cette rencontre entre art et médecine à l’heure des appareillages technique engage la question de la place acquise par ces images dans notre culture, et la façon dont celles-ci illustrent ce que devient notre rapport à l’altérité puis à la mort. L’une des illustrations du corps, aujourd’hui, dans sa visibilité la plus intime, est portée par l’imagerie médicale. Cette technique est le média incontournable par lequel nous nous représentons notre corps de chair, sujet à la maladie et voué à la mort. Il convient de se laisser saisir par l’art contemporain à partir de ce qu’il donne à penser de la rencontre du sujet avec l’imagerie médicale. Le malaise dans la culture, est aujourd’hui étroitement lié à ces immersions dans l’image (virtuelle) dont l’accès et les pratiques sont de plus en plus répandues, au-delà même du domaine de la santé. C’est ainsi 12│2011– Psychoanalysis, the Body and Society Psychanalyse, corps et Société © Association Recherches en psychanalyse | Téléchargé le 29/10/2021 sur www.cairn.info (IP: 190.82.244.170) © Association Recherches en psychanalyse | Téléchargé le 29/10/2021 sur www.cairn.info (IP: 190.82.244.170) Recherches en Psychanalyse – Research in Psychoanalysis 12│2011 133 Journal of Psychoanalytic Studies. Hosted by the Department of Psychoanalytic Studies, Paris Diderot at Sorbonne Paris Cité University. que l’art depuis le XXe siècle montre du corps ce que les techniques de visualisation ont permis de voir les unes après les autres, s’insinuant dans la culture, au point de modifier le rapport au corps et à ses images. Les rayons X, les photographies en gros plan, la macrophotographie vont être enrôlés au service de l’art. Ce détour par l’art est très instructif, il permet de montrer combien le regard porté sur l’image médicale déroute et met à l’épreuve l’idée même de représentation. Keywords : psychoanalysis, medical imaging, contemporary art, culture Mots-clefs : psychanalyse, imagerie médicale, art contemporain, culture Plan: The Position of Medicine Today Drawing Back the Veil on the Body, from Imaging to Art Discussion Illustrations Discussion 2 Conclusion Modern art offers us a singular and revealing perspective on the body and the way we conceive of it and experience it today. Based on this general interest in the body, the question of its virtualization has also become a source of artistic inspiration. Artists feel interpellated by the actualization of the virtual body in the sphere of healthcare; consequently, images provided by medicine are being used to stage this body in art and are being integrated into different artistic frameworks. This encounter between art and medicine – in an era of highly developed technical equipment – raises the question of the position these images have attained in our culture. They illustrate our relationship not only to our bodies, but also to otherness and death. In its highly intimate visibility, medical imaging constitutes one of today’s key modes of representing the body, an inevitable medium through which we represent our body as living flesh, as a body subject to illness and destined to death. The cultural discontent of today is closely linked to this immersion in the (virtual) image, to which we gain increasingly better access and the practices of which are becoming more and more widespread. Starting in the 20th century, art has been showing us the body through the increasingly sophisticated lens of imaging techniques. Artists have been asking about the way in which these technologies modify our relationship to the body and its images on the cultural level. Initially marginal artistic projects, such as the work of the French artist Orlan, have become routine practice in contemporary biotechnology, which aspires to rectify the organic form by intervening earlier and earlier, particularly at the level of genetics. This transformation of the body is driven by a search for its ideal and perfection. Regardless of their ultimate therapeutic, aesthetic and ludic results, these bodily transformations are part of the pursuit of an ideal body, a dream-like body that should become a reality through medical intervention. Modern art enables us to think of medical imaging in this context. Works created by artists using medical imaging reveal the repressed aspects of the body of our time, its sexual dimension, which is eradicated in medical methodology itself. I would firstly like to address the position that medicine holds in today’s society and consider the role it plays in body representation. The reverse side of today’s medicine is illustrated by the work of certain artists who foreground the question of the body. Foreign Body, an installation created by Mona Hatoum, allows us © Association Recherches en psychanalyse | Téléchargé le 29/10/2021 sur www.cairn.info (IP: 190.82.244.170) © Association Recherches en psychanalyse | Téléchargé le 29/10/2021 sur www.cairn.info (IP: 190.82.244.170) Recherches en Psychanalyse – Research in Psychoanalysis 12│2011 134 Journal of Psychoanalytic Studies. Hosted by the Department of Psychoanalytic Studies, Paris Diderot at Sorbonne Paris Cité University. to illustrate and interrogate the effect of medical images and its intimate resonances. The interest in the medical image can be seen, in different ways, in the work of a number of other artists. My research aims to approach the question psychoanalytically, revealing the unconscious dimension of this close encounter with technology, and follow the process through which technology changes human beings and their self-representation. The Position of Medicine Today Today’s medicine is technoscientific. I would like uploads/Science et Technologie/ rep-012-0131.pdf