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Grade 4 Rocks, Minerals and Erosion Teacher Guide Educational Activities based

Grade 4 Rocks, Minerals and Erosion Teacher Guide Educational Activities based on the Northwest Territories curriculum NTGS 2017 Picture credited to Patricia and Antoine Couture Created by Danielle Couture contracted by the NTGS Grade 4: Rocks, Minerals and Erosion Teacher Guide 3 Grade 4: Rocks, Minerals, and Erosion From mountains to valleys, plains to cliffs, the world around us looks different. What forces and factors are at work to shape the landscape? The educational activities presented in this document are based upon the general and specific outcomes of the grade 4 Northwest Territory/Alberta Science Curriculum. The proposed learning activities are to be used to complement current in-place instruction. Through authentic inquiry-based activities, we invite the learners to experience the world around them through the eyes of a geologist. The activities contained herein are meant to stand alone in that this document contains all the information needed to conduct and lead the learner through the exploration of the concepts associated with rocks, minerals and erosion. The activities can be conducted in a variety of contexts ranging from home schooling, to multi-level classes and large class instruction. The following document provides an overview of each of the four proposed activities. The Northwest Territories Geological Survey (NTGS) prides itself in advancing the “geoscience knowledge of the Northwest Territories (NWT) by conducting geoscience research, analysing mineral and petroleum resources, and offering excellent digital data”. The NTGS has as mandate to investigate, understand and explain the geology of the Northwest Territories and providing educational outreach. Should you require more information on the geological content of these activities or on other geological outreach opportunities, please contact the NTGS. Grade 4: Rocks, Minerals and Erosion Teacher Guide 4 Overview of Activities The following documents and associated files should provide educators of all experience level with sufficient knowledge and resources to guide grade 4 students through inquiry-based learning of the topics of rocks, minerals and erosion. Designed in accordance with the general and specific outcomes established by the ECE in the Grade 4 science curriculum (see Annexe A), these activities use constructivist strategies to enable the learner to build upon previous knowledge and development a better understanding of the field of geology. Structure of Activities Each activity (briefly outlined in table 1) can be used by educators as a separate inquiry-based component to complement current practicum or can be used as an entire inquiry-based unit. These activities are structured around three large guiding questions (table 2). Table 1: Activity Overview Activity 1 Introductory Activity Verifying prior understanding of the formation of landscapes. This activity provides images and a series of probing questions for the learners to socially construct their knowledge. Activity 2 Observing the Rocks beneath our Feet Inquiry lab in which learners will first begin describing rocks, then will begin incorporating appropriate vocabulary (e.g. sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic, grain size). Activity 3 Digging Deeper into Geology Inquiry lab in which the learners will observe the differences between rocks and minerals. Students will further their understanding through an optional lab and be given the opportunity to incorporate more vocabulary belonging to the field of geology (e.g. luster, hardness, streak). Based on the properties observed, learners will discuss the potential use of each mineral and rock. In this activity, the learners will explore and discuss erosion, fossils and soil formation. Activity 4 Preventing Erosion: A Case Study Learners will be asked to bring together their knowledge of rocks, minerals and soil to study the erosion of an area of the Northwest Territories. Having identified key factors and forces at play, learners are to research, propose, design and test their solution to the issue (scientific process/design cycle). Grade 4: Rocks, Minerals and Erosion Teacher Guide 5 Table 2: Question Scaffolding a) What causes the formation of different landscapes (erosion and type of material eroded)? a. What are various properties of rocks? i. How are rocks formed? b. What are rocks made of? i. What are the differences between rocks and minerals? ii. What are the properties of minerals? b) What is the relationship between NT rock, the common types of erosion and the landscape we see? c) How can we affect the process of erosion? Evaluation of Concepts covered Each activity provides the educator with formative or summative evaluation opportunities. The outcomes described in the grade 4 science curriculum are covered at various times throughout the proposed activities (table 3). Table 3: Outcomes per Activity Activity General Outcome Specific Outcomes Activity 1: Introductory activity Demonstrate an understanding of the physical properties of rocks and minerals and the effects of erosion on the landscape Describe the effects of wind, water, and ice on the landscape (e.g., ice breaking rocks into soil), and identify natural phenomena that cause rapid and significant changes in the landscape (e.g., floods, tornadoes, heavy rain storms) Compare different rocks and minerals from the local environment with rocks and minerals from other places Grade 4: Rocks, Minerals and Erosion Teacher Guide 6 Activity 2: Observing the Ground Beneath our Feet Investigate, test, and compare the physical properties of rocks and minerals and investigate the factors that cause erosion of the landscape Describe the effects of human activity (e.g., land development, building of dams, mine development, erosion preventing measures) on physical features of the landscape, and examine the use of rocks and minerals in making consumer products Compare different rocks and minerals from the local environment with rocks and minerals from other places Recognize that there are three classes of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic Classify rocks and minerals according to chosen criteria, relying on their observations (e.g., colour, texture, shape) Activity 3: Digging Deeper into Geology Investigate, test, and compare the physical properties of rocks and minerals and investigate the factors that cause erosion of the landscape Describe the effects of human activity (e.g., land development, building of dams, mine development, erosion preventing measures) on physical features of the landscape, and examine the use of rocks and minerals in making consumer products Demonstrate an understanding of the physical properties of rocks and minerals and the effects of erosion on the landscape Classify rocks and minerals according to chosen criteria, relying on their observations (e.g., colour, texture, shape) Describe the difference between minerals (composed of the same substance throughout) and rocks (composed of two or more minerals) Investigate and describe ways in which soil formed from rocks Identify and describe rocks that contain records of the Earth’s history (e.g., fossils, layer of rock strata), and explain how they were formed Activity 4: Preventing Erosion: a case study Demonstrate an understanding of the physical properties of rocks and minerals and the effects of erosion on the landscape Describe the effects of human activity (e.g., land development, building of dams, mine development, erosion preventing measures) on physical features of the landscape, and examine the use of rocks and minerals in making consumer products Describe the effects of wind, water, and ice on the landscape (e.g., ice breaking rocks into soil), and identify natural phenomena that cause rapid and significant changes in the landscape (e.g., floods, tornadoes, heavy rain storms) Grade 4: Rocks, Minerals and Erosion Teacher Guide 7 Annexe A General and Specific Outcomes Outlined by the NWT Curriculum General Outcomes Demonstrate an understanding of the physical properties of rocks and minerals and the effects of erosion on the landscape Investigate, test, and compare the physical properties of rocks and minerals and investigate the factors that cause erosion of the landscape Describe the effects of human activity (e.g., land development, building of dams, mine development, erosion preventing measures) on physical features of the landscape, and examine the use of rocks and minerals in making consumer products Specific Outcomes Describe the difference between minerals (composed of the same substance throughout) and rocks (composed of two or more minerals) Classify rocks and minerals according to chosen criteria, relying on their observations (e.g., colour, texture, shape Recognize that there are three classes of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic Compare different rocks and minerals from the local environment with rocks and minerals from other places Describe the effects of wind, water, and ice on the landscape (e.g., ice breaking rocks into soil), and identify natural phenomena that cause rapid and significant changes in the landscape (e.g., floods, tornadoes, heavy rain storms) Investigate and describe ways in which soil formed from rocks Identify and describe rocks that contain records of the Earth’s history (e.g., fossils, layer of rock strata), and explain how they were formed uploads/Science et Technologie/ teacher-guide 3 .pdf