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Es pak peeter TARTU UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF THEOLOGY CHAIR FOR ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN STUDIES PEETER ESPAK ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN GODS ENKI AND EA DIACHRONICAL ANALYSIS OF TEXTS AND IMAGES FROM THE EARLIEST SOURCES TO THE NEO -SUMERIAN PERIOD MASTER ? S THESIS

TARTU UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF THEOLOGY CHAIR FOR ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN STUDIES PEETER ESPAK ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN GODS ENKI AND EA DIACHRONICAL ANALYSIS OF TEXTS AND IMAGES FROM THE EARLIEST SOURCES TO THE NEO -SUMERIAN PERIOD MASTER ? S THESIS Supervised by Prof THOMAS RICHARD K? MMERER Co-supervised by Prof WALTHER SALLABERGER TARTU CCONTENTS AKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER Prehistoric Manifestations of Enki Eridu Temple Abzu Conclusions CHAPTER Names and Origins of Enki and Ea Enki Enki in UD GAL NUN Texts and Emesal Speech Enki-Ninki Deities Possible Translations of the Name Enki Enki Translated ??Lord of the Earth ? Enki Interpreted Enki g k Possible Pre-Sumerian Etymology of the Name Enki Ea Semitic Etymology of Ea É-a Translated ??Living ? Pre-Sumerian Origins of Ea Conclusions CHAPTER Enki in Old-Sumerian Sources Enki Related to Abzu and Eridu Enki Related to ?estú Urukagina Ur-Nan ?e and the Reeds of Enki Enki-Ninki Deities and the God Enki in Old-Sumerian Sources C Enki in Old-Sumerian Texts of Varied Contents Mythological Texts Incantations O ?ering Lists and Personal Names Enki in Listings of Deities Ab ? al ?b kh and F ?ra God Lists Listings of Deities in Old-Sumerian Royal Inscriptions An Attempt of Genealogy of Enki Based on Old-Sumerian Sources Conclusions CHAPTER Enki Ea in Old-Akkadian Sources Enki Ea in Old-Akkadian Royal Inscriptions Enki Ea in God Lists and O ?ering Lists from Ebla Enki Ea in Old-Semitic Literary and Magical Compositions Representations of Enki Ea in Old-Akkadian Glyptic Art Conclusions CHAPTER Enki in Neo-Sumerian Sources Second Dynasty of Laga ? Ur III Period Royal Praise Poetry and Royal Inscriptions Ur-Namma ?ulgi Amar-Su ? en ?u-Su ? en Ibbi-Su ? en Puzur-E ?tar ??The Curse of Agade ? Enki in Neo-Sumerian Incantations The God ? aia Enki ? s Representations in Neo-Sumerian Art Conclusions CCHAPTER Enki in Sumerian Epic Stories and Myths Enki in Sumerian Epic Stories Enmerkar and Lugalbanda Gilgame ? Myths of Enki ??Enki and Nin ursa ? ? ??Enki and Ninma ? Conclusions GENERAL CONCLUSIONS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ABBREVIATIONS TEXTUAL ABBREVIATIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY RESÜMEE CACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The current master ? s thesis is a continuation of a bachelor ? s thesis defended in June at the Faculty of Theology of Tartu University under the title ??Diachronical Analysis of the Theological Concept of Enki and Ea ? I would like to express my deep gratitude to Thomas Richard K? mmerer Professor of Ancient Near Eastern Studies of the Faculty of Theology at Tartu University for supervising the thesis and providing me with several critical comments during the preparation of the study I am especially thankful to Professor Walther Sallaberger whose suggestions and critical remarks during my six-month stay at the Institut für Assyriologie und Hethitologie in Munich were of especial value for the completion of the thesis I would also like to thank Tarmo Kulmar Professor of Comparative Religion at Tartu University and my colleague in Ancient Near Eastern studies at Tartu University Vladimir Sazonov for allowing me their advice and help when ever needed The