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Ict revision guide Chapter Hardware Chapter Hardware You need to know ? A computer follows a set of instructions a program to input process store and output data and information ? Hardware is equipment e g a PC and its component parts e g a keyboard monit

Chapter Hardware Chapter Hardware You need to know ? A computer follows a set of instructions a program to input process store and output data and information ? Hardware is equipment e g a PC and its component parts e g a keyboard monitor and mouse ? Computers are desktop PCs laptops tablets hand-held computers games consoles embedded computers mainframe computers or supercomputers ? Input devices include the keyboard and pointing devices e g a mouse or trackpad ? Output devices include monitors printers and speakers What is a computer A computer is an electronic machine that inputs data processes it under the control of a stored program and outputs information While the data is being processed data can be retrieved from or saved on backing storage Data is raw unprocessed information Information is data that people understand In order to understand data you may have to interpret it The number is data that can be interpreted as ? A date ? A sum of money The interpreted data that is the date or the sum of money is the information ? Input ?? data is entered into the computer ? Process ?? a computer is controlled by a program that is a sequence of instructions It processes the input data automatically following these instructions ? Store ?? the program and data are stored e g on a hard disk for later retrieval ? Output ?? the computer communicates to the user e g it displays graphics on the screen Data input Program instructions and data Process Data output Data is retrieved or saved Figure Flow of data Page of CTypes of computer Computers can be ? PCs personal computers ?? a microcomputer for individual use ? Mainframe computers ?? large computer with huge processing power ? Minicomputers ?? smaller version of a mainframe ? Supercomputers ?? very large mainframe Di ?erent types of PC ? Desktop ?? has these basic components monitor keyboard system unit and mouse ? Laptop ?? a portable computer slightly larger than A size ? Tablet or pad ?? a very small portable computer with a touch-sensitive screen and no keyboard ? Notebook ?? a small laptop computer ? Netbook ?? very small laptop optimised for Internet and email access ? Hand-held computer e g smart phone ?? ?ts into one hand and has a touch-sensitive screen Can be temporarily attached to a keyboard ? Games console ?? a PC designed for playing games e g Xbox Has these features ? Graphics displayed very quickly ? Large hard disk ? Game controller e g joysticks buttons ? Internet connection for online games ? Embedded computer ?? designed for and built into equipment to perform specialised functions e g a single microchip that controls a DVD player Chapter Hardware Processors A processor or microprocessor is built into a microchip that also has memory and other components built into it The microchip itself is often referred to as the ? processor ? If there is more than