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Editions MIMOSA - 04 67 99 49 49 HANDBOOK f fo or r J Jo ou ur rn na al li is s

Editions MIMOSA - 04 67 99 49 49 HANDBOOK f fo or r J Jo ou ur rn na al li is st ts s GUIDE PRATIQUE Anglais 11-2005 17/02/06 10:11 Page 1 HANDBOOK f fo or r J Jo ou ur rn na al li is st ts s GUIDE PRATIQUE Anglais 11-2005 17/02/06 10:11 Page 2 CONTENTS P Pr ré éf fa ac ce e ..................................................................................... p. 4 I In nt tr ro od du uc ct ti io on n ..................................................................................... p. 6 C Ch ha ap pt te er r 1 1 Basic documents recognising the principle of press freedom......................................................................... p. 9 C Ch ha ap pt te er r 2 2 Reference documents on professional ethics...................... p. 14 C Ch ha ap pt te er r 3 3 Guidelines for the individual and joint protection of investigators............................................................... p. 21 C Ch ha ap pt te er r 4 4 Procedures for protecting journalists and other staff : the case of the BBC......................................................... p. 38 C Ch ha ap pt te er r 5 5 First aid procedures........................................................ p. 52 C Ch ha ap pt te er r 6 6 Guidelines and procedures for investigating infringements of press freedom............................................................. p. 64 C Ch ha ap pt te er r 7 7 Writing a report of the investigation ................................ p. 76 C Ch ha ap pt te er r 8 8 Relations with the ICRC and other non-government organisations ................................................................. p. 79 C Ch ha ap pt te er r 9 9 Charter for the Safety of Journalists Working in War Zones or Dangerous Areas ....................................................... p. 90 C Ch ha ap pt te er r 1 10 0 Recommendation No. R(96) of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the protection of journalist in situations of conflict and tensions.................................................... p. 93 A Ap pp pe en nd di ic ce es s A Ap pp pe en nd di ix x 1 1 Useful addresses............................................................. p. 102 A Ap pp pe en nd di ix x 2 2 About Reporters Without Borders..................................... p. 104 A Ap pp pe en nd di ix x 3 3 The SOS Press hotline ..................................................... p. 108 A Ap pp pe en nd di ix x 4 4 Insurance policy for freelance journalists and phoographers on assignment ................................................................ p. 109 A Ap pp pe en nd di ix x 5 5 Loan of bulletproof jackets............................................... p. 117 A Ap pp pe en nd di ix x 6 6 Declaration on the safety of journalists and media personnel in situations involving armed conflict ................................ p. 118 R e p o r t e r s W i t h o u t B o r d e r s H a n d b o o k f o r J o u r n a l i s t s 3 GUIDE PRATIQUE Anglais 11-2005 17/02/06 10:11 Page 3 PREFACE T he right of all to freely inform the public and to be informed is absolute. Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says everyone has a right to freedom of opinion and expression, which includes the right not to be penalised for those opinions and to “seek, receive and impart” information and ideas by whatever means, regardless of national borders. Yet this freedom, without which others cannot be enjoyed, is one of the hardest to establish in practice. Nearly all regimes say they support it but in practice do not. History shows that too often it disappears when used to criticise authoritarian, dictatorial or totalitarian regimes. A very large majority of the member-states of the United Nations do not respect press freedom. Violations of it must not be just a topic of conversation among the great and the good or the focus of academic conferences. The situation is clear and we must deal with it swiftly. More than 100 journalists are still imprisoned around the world for the “crime” of having “bad opinions.” More than 500 have been killed on the job over the past decade. In 90 per cent of cases, their killers have not been caught. This handbook, compiled with the help of UNESCO is both ambitious and modest. Ambitious because it wants to help journalists working in war situations. Modest because we have no miracle solution to offer. But the suggestions you will find in this handbook, based on an all too often ignored common sense, should help many reporters to steer clear of a lot of problems. We have recalled first key documents that spell out the principles of press freedom, along with charters and declarations concerning the journalistic profession. They come from all over the world, ranging from the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights to the Munich Charter about rights and duties of journalists to a charter the staff of the Japanese newspaper Nihon Shinbun Kyokaï use as guidance. R e p o r t e r s W i t h o u t B o r d e r s H a n d b o o k f o r J o u r n a l i s t s 4 GUIDE PRATIQUE Anglais 11-2005 17/02/06 10:11 Page 4 As well as general documents, we thought it very important to include practical advice, such as the BBC gives to all its journalists when they go on a dangerous assignment. We have listed all the precautions to be taken to give better protection in such situations, such as where there are snipers, where people are taken hostage and when journalists are ambushed or have to pass a checkpoint. And when these measures fail, how to start saving a wounded or injured person. Also in the handbook are how to go about investigating press freedom violations, as well as a list of the operating rules of the International Committee of the Red Cross and NGOs involved in freedom of expression. These recommendations are practical ones based on long experience in the field. With each new edition, we add suggestions from journalists who work daily in conditions of constantly changing information techniques and technology. We hope this introduction will inspire those in the profession to take ever more effective measures to protect themselves. R e p o r t e r s W i t h o u t B o r d e r s H a n d b o o k f o r J o u r n a l i s t s 5 R R e e p p o o r r t t e e r r s s W W i i t t h h o o u u t t B B o o r r d d e e r r s s 5 5, , r ru ue e G Ge eo of ff fr ro oy y- -M Ma ar ri ie e 7 75 50 00 09 9 P Pa ar ri is s - - F Fr ra an nc ce e T Té él l. . ( (3 33 3) ) 1 1 4 44 4 8 83 3 8 84 4 8 84 4 F Fa ax x ( (3 33 3) ) 1 1 4 45 5 2 23 3 1 11 1 5 51 1 E E- -m ma ai il l : : r rs sf f@ @r rs sf f. .o or rg g w w w w w w. .r rs sf f. .o or rg g GUIDE PRATIQUE Anglais 11-2005 17/02/06 10:11 Page 5 INTRODUCTION T his handbook for Journalists is based mainly on the experience of journalists who have taken part in various meetings on professional standards and ethics, but also incorporates advice from experts. It has nine chapters: C Ch ha ap pt te er r 1 1: : B Ba as si ic c d do oc cu um me en nt ts s r re ec co og gn ni is si in ng g t th he e p pr ri in nc ci ip pl le e o of f p pr re es ss s f fr re ee ed do om m. . The right to “seek, receive and impart information” is recognised by Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted on 10 December 1948. This right is restated in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, which has been signed or ratified by more than 140 states, and in several regional conventions and charters, such as the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the Interamerican Convention on Human Rights and the African Charter of Human and Peoples’ Rights. Extracts from these documents, which have the force of national law and which journalists can quote before the authorities in their own countries, are given in this chapter. C Ch ha ap pt te er r 2 2: : uploads/s1/ guide-gb.pdf