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Academy of Management Journal STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORS This document, the “Style

Academy of Management Journal STYLE GUIDE FOR AUTHORS This document, the “Style Guide for Authors,” covers the format and language to use for AMJ submissions. “Information for Contributors” (front of each issue and http://www.aom.pace.edu/amj/ submission.html) covers their length and content. For “Style Guide for Authors” on the Web, see http://aom.pace.edu/amjnew/style_guide.html. Manuscript Submission and Format Submit manuscripts to AMJ’s online submission and review Web site, Manuscript Central, at http:// mc.manuscriptcentral.com/amj (see “Instructions for Electronic Submission,” http://aom.pace.edu/ amj/electronic.html). Please use Times Roman 12-point type and the 81⁄2 11 page setting; place page numbers in the upper right corner; and leave top and side margins of at least one inch. Publication Accepted papers are copy-edited and retyped. Authors review edits and proofread their work. AMJ’s copy editor–production manager will con- tact you after the editor assigns your work to an issue. Expect some time lag between acceptance and this contact. If your work is accepted, please keep the editor (amjdi@mays.tamu.edu) and the copy editor (pdoliner@twcny.rr.com) informed of changes in your contact information and long absences. Front Pages Address. Under the title of your work, list au- thors’ names, affiliations, and complete addresses. Example: AN EXCELLENT STUDY A. A. MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR Current University School and/or Department Building and/or Street City, State, Zip Code Tel: (000) 000-0000 Fax: (000) 000-0000 e-mail: scholar@univ.edu Acknowledgment. If you wish to acknowledge financial support or other assistance, add a note at the bottom of page 1, your title page. Abstract. An abstract of no more than 100 words and the title of the work go on page 2. Back Pages Group references and any appendixes, tables, and figures at the end of your manuscript. Continue your page numbering. Headings and Sections AMJ uses only three levels of headings. Use bold- face for all three. Main headings (all capital letters; centered) are first. Second-level headings (title-style letters; flush left) are next. Third-level headings (first letter of first word capitalized; indented; italicized; and run into paragraph) are next. Don’t skip steps: no second-level headings before you use a first-level heading, for instance. Use sec- ond- and third-level headings in sets of two or more. Examples: METHODS [1st level] Data and Sample [2nd level] Measures [2nd level] Independent variable. [3rd level] Dependent variables. [3rd level] Footnotes Use footnotes, not endnotes. Hypotheses Fully and separately state each hypothesis you tested separately. Give it a distinct number (Hy- pothesis 1) or number-letter (Hypothesis 1a) label. Set hypotheses off in indented blocks, in italic type. Examples: Hypothesis 1a. Concise writing has a positive relation- ship to publication. Hypothesis 1b. Following AMJ’s “Style Guide for Au- thors” has a positive relationship to publication. Language Technical terms. Help your work to be accessible to AMJ’s wide-ranging readership. Define key techni- cal terms. A technical term is a word or phrase that is not in a general-use dictionary with the meaning you (or even you and other published scholars) ascribe to it. Put quotation marks around the first appearance in your paper of each technical term, or define it. Academy of Management Journal 2008, Vol. 51, No. 1, 197–200. 197 Copyright of the Academy of Management, all rights reserved. Contents may not be copied, emailed, posted to a listserv, or otherwise transmitted without the copyright holder’s express written permission. Users may print, download or email articles for individual use only. Abbreviations. Avoid using them for the names of concepts. Use ordinary words for variable names—not code names or other abbreviations. Use the same name for a variable throughout your text, tables, figures, and appendixes. Names of organizations and research instruments may be abbreviated, but give the full name the first time you mention one of these. Names of software and some databases may be abbreviated. Reporting math. Do not “talk in math” in regular text. Use words. For instance, “We surveyed 100 employees,” not “We surveyed n 100 employees” and “We used a chi-square test to evaluate fit,” not “We used a 2 test.” Do use symbols and numbers to report results and give formulas. Italicize letters that are custom- arily italicized (p, r, b, F, Z, and so forth). Use boldface italic for vectors. Put spaces around equals signs, minus signs, etc. Illustrative results within text go in parentheses. Introduce them with complete sentences. Example: One coefficient for the interaction was significant (model 3: 0.06, p .05; model 5: 1.06). Keep equations in your running text unless they contain oversized symbols or division, and/or are very important in your research. Examples: Run-in equation—We used Craig’s (1992: 20) distance formula (d xyz). Displayed equation— Pr(Yt yt xt) [e(xt)(Xt)yt] Yt! , (1) where Yt is. . . . Define each new term in all equations. Sexist or biased language. Avoid language that might be interpreted as denigrating. Do not use “he” or “she” exclusively. Using the plural— changing “the manager . . . he” to “managers . . . they”—is one solution; using “he or she” (“him or her”) is another. Active voice and first person. Write in the active voice (“They did it”) instead of the passive voice (“It was done”) to make it easy for readers to see who did what. Use the first person (“I” or “we”) to describe what you, or you and your coauthors, did. Examples: Passive (less desirable)—Two items were found to lack factor validity by Earley (1989). Active (more desirable)—Earley (1989) found that two items lacked factor validity. Third person (less desirable)—The author developed three new items. First person (more desirable)—I developed three new items. Anthropomorphism. Do not describe inanimate entities (models, theories, firms, and so forth) as acting in ways only humans can act. Appendixes Present long but essential methodological de- tails, such as the calculation of measures, in an appendix or appendixes. Be concise. Avoid exact reproductions of surveys. Label appendixes “APPENDIX A,” “APPENDIX B,” and so forth. A substantive title, such as “Items in Scales,” should follow. Label tables within ap- pendixes “Table A1,” “B1,” and so forth. Tables and Figures Look at tables and figures in published issues of AMJ to see preferred formats. For each table or figure, center “TABLE” or “FIG- URE” with a number (“1,” “2,” etc.) at the top of the page. Put the title under this, also centered and boldface, but in upper- and lower-case letters. Number tables and figures consecutively (one se- ries for tables, one for figures). Place them at the end of your manuscript, but indicate the position of each in the text as follows: ------------------------------------ Insert Table 2 about here ------------------------------------ Each table or figure needs an introductory sentence in your text. More on tables. Use more than one page if needed. Do not squeeze material onto one page by shrinking type. Don’t use code names and abbrevi- ations. Example: Desirable variable name—Profitability Undesirable variable name—PRFT Each table should report one type of analysis (which is identified in the title), and each vertical column and horizontal row should contain only one type of data. Report only two decimal places for all statistics. Place correlation coefficients in the lower-left cor- ners of their tables. 198 February Academy of Management Journal Use superscript small letters to designate table footnotes. A lettered footnote may be used to sum- marize significance levels: a All values greater than . . . are significant at. . . . Or report significance levels in separate footnotes placed in a stack under your regular table footnotes. Example: †p .10 *p .05 **p .01 More on figures. Figures, unlike tables, have graphics. Make sure your figures will print out clearly so that they can be scanned. Do not use color. Use the same full variable names you use in your text and tables. Citations These are your in-text, in parentheses, identifi- cations of other research. Every work that has a citation needs to have a corresponding reference (see “References,” below). Examples: Name and year—Several studies (Adams, 1994; Bern- stein, 1988, 1992; Celias, 2000a, 2000b) support this conclusion. Year only—But Van Dorn and Xavier (2001) presented conflicting evidence. Order. Order citations alphabetically. Designate two or more works by one author (or by an identical group of authors) published in the same year by adding “a,” “b,” and so forth, after the year. See the “name and year” example above. Multiple authors. If a work has two authors, give both names every time you cite it. For three through six authors, give all names the first time, then use “et al.” in citations. Examples: First citation— (Foster, Whittington, Tucker, Horner, Hubbard, & Grimm, 2000). Subsequent citation—(Foster et al., 2000). For seven or more authors, use “et al.” even for the first citation. (But the corresponding reference should give all the names.) Page numbers in citations. Use this format: Writing a book is “a long and arduous task” (Lee, 1998: 3). Citation with no author. For an article with no author, cite the periodical as author. Example: Periodical as author—Analysts predicted an increase in service jobs (Wall uploads/s3/ style-guide-amj.pdf