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Construction Waste Management Guide for Architects, Designers, Developers, Faci

Construction Waste Management Guide for Architects, Designers, Developers, Facility Managers, Owners, Property Managers & Specification Writers Table of Contents What is construction waste?. ……………………………………………….. 1 Why prevent waste and recycle?…………………………………………... 2 What is your role in the process?………………………………………….. 3 How can you prevent waste from construction?………………………….. 4 How can you salvage and reuse building materials?…………………….. 4 How can you recycle construction materials?…………………………….. 9 Resources…………………………………………………………………… 13 Appendices Appendix A Construction Works program……………………………………………… 15 Appendix B Construction Waste Management Specification 017419 [01524]..…… 16 Third edition September 2005 Resource Venture Provides free environmental consulting services to Seattle-area businesses. We help companies lower their utility costs, obtain rebates, comply with regulations and receive public recognition, all while protecting the environment. Since 1990, the Resource Venture has helped thousands of businesses recycle, use less water, prevent stormwater pollution and build sustainably. We are a program of the Greater Seattle Chamber of Commerce, in partnership with Seattle Public Utilities. www.resourceventure.org help@resourceventure.org (206) 389-7304 1301 5th Ave., Suite 2500 Seattle, WA 98101 Thanks to the Portland Metro Solid Waste & Recycling Division for providing some of the content in this guide. 1 What is construction waste? Construction, demolition and landclearing debris (CDL) is all non-hazardous solid waste resulting from construction, demolition and landclearing (CDL) activities. CDL waste materials that can be salvaged, reused or recycled include, but are not limited to, the following: Acoustical ceiling tiles Asphalt Asphalt shingles Bricks Cardboard Carpet and pad Concrete Dirt Drywall Fluorescent lights & ballasts Insulation Landclearing debris Metals Paint Porcelain Wood Plastic film from packaging Window glass Wood Field office waste (paper, cans, glass & plastic bottles, cardboard) The Puget Sound area has many recycling companies for all of these materials. For a list of recyclers, see the Construction Recycling Directory in the Resources section. Throughout this guide, we use the term “waste reduction” to define waste management practices that will result in less waste going to the landfill. These practices include: waste prevention, salvage, deconstruction and recycling. This guide will explain what these practices are and how to incorporate them into your projects. Amount of Waste from Construction Several studies have been conducted on the amount of recyclable waste generated on commercial and multi-family residential construction projects. Construction of a 5,000-square foot restaurant generated 12,344 pounds of waste, or 2.46 pounds per square foot. This waste included the following recyclable materials: Wood 7,440 pounds Cardboard 1,414 pounds Gypsum wallboard 500 pounds Construction of a 17-unit apartment complex using pre-cut lumber packages resulted in 28,434 pounds of waste, or 2 pounds per square foot. This waste included the following recyclable materials: Wood 16,169 pounds Cardboard 917 pounds Gypsum wallboard 6,997 pounds (Source: Characterization of Construction Site Waste (1993), Metro Solid Waste Department Portland, OR.) 2 Why prevent waste and recycle? Reduce Costs Recycling, reusing salvaged building materials and minimizing materials and packaging reduces your waste disposal costs and material expenses. Marketing Opportunity Your company’s experience in waste prevention and recycling can be an essential marketing tool to the growing number of potential clients interested in participating in the LEED™ and BUILT GREEN™ green building programs. LEED™ and BUILT GREEN™ Certification Your efforts to prevent waste, reuse salvaged materials and recycle materials on a project can help the project team earn points toward qualifying for these green building certification programs: • LEED™ (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is a nationally recognized green building rating program sponsored by the U.S. Green Building Council. LEED™ awards a project one, two or three points for achieving a 50%, 75% or 90% recycling rate respectively. A project can also earn one or two points for using salvaged, refurbished or reused materials for 5% or 10% of building materials respectively. For more information, visit www.usgbc.org. • BUILT GREEN™ is a local residential green building rating program sponsored by the Master Builders Association of King & Snohomish Counties. BUILT GREEN™ awards a project ten points for achieving a 60% recycling rate. Up to an additional 39 points can be achieved for recycling specific materials, 11 points can be earned for waste reduction activities and 12 points for reusing materials. For more information, visit www.builtgreen.net Tax Deduction When you hire a deconstruction service to remove reusable building materials, the client can take a tax deduction when they donate the materials to a nonprofit organization. Reduce the Building’s Environmental Impact Preventing and recycling wastes: • reduces depletion of natural resources such as trees, oil and minerals. • creates less pollution by reducing manufacturing and transportation-related emissions. • uses less energy and water compared to many virgin material product manufacturing processes. • reduces greenhouse gasses by using less energy for manufacturing and transportation. 3 What’s your role in the process? Facility managers, property owners and managers and developers As a property owner, property manager or developer, you are in the best position to create a successful waste reduction program for a project. Establish requirements for waste reduction. Begin with making waste reduction a priority from the start of the project and planning for it throughout all phases of design, construction, installation, and occupancy. Set goals. Set specific waste reduction goals for each project and assemble a team of qualified professionals experienced in environmentally sound design and construction practices. Include these goals and requirements for experience in requests for proposals and other contract documents. Identify materials that can be salvaged and reused. Monitor and support the program. Monitor the progress of waste reduction efforts by requiring contractors to submit the waste management plan and waste management progress reports. Support these efforts by identifying locations to collect and store recyclables on-site. Architects, designers and specification writers Identify opportunities for waste reduction. Work with owners and developers to identify opportunities for waste reduction and public relation benefits. Select a contractor with proven waste reduction experience. An experienced contractor will keep the bid the same or may even lower the bid. If the contractor is inexperienced, they may increase the bid. Use a Construction Waste Management Specification. A Construction Waste Management Specification written with legally enforceable language is your most effective tool to ensure waste reduction happens successfully on your project. Monitor the waste reduction program. The architect and designer play an important role in assuring the contractor’s compliance with the waste reduction program by requiring and reviewing waste management progress reports and invoices from recycling and garbage haulers and recycling facilities. Monitor the success of the program and potential barriers by including a discussion about the waste reduction program during the project meetings. Approximately 92% of all C&D waste is from renovation and demolition. The biggest opportunities for waste reduction come from remodeling, demolishing and renovating commercial, institutional and multi-family projects and tenant improvement projects. Source: US EPA, 1998 4 There are three strategies to reduce a project’s waste and this is the order in which you want to address them: 1. Reduce. Look for ways waste can be prevented in the first place by identifying potential wastes early in the design process. 2. Reuse. After figuring out how to prevent waste, you want to identify waste that can be salvaged for reuse on your current project, on another project or donated. 3. Recycle. Lastly, figure out which waste materials can be recycled. How can you prevent waste from construction? Waste prevention is more beneficial than recycling. Why? Identifying potential waste early in the design process decreases waste generated during construction. If you don’t create waste, you don’t have to plan how to reuse or recycle it. Design with standard sizes for all building materials. This avoids creating waste when standard sized materials are cut to unusual lengths. Design spaces to be flexible and adaptable to changing uses. This avoids creating waste during remodels. Design for deconstruction. Some of the principles include: the dis-entanglement of systems, materials bolted together instead of glued, a construction and deconstruction blueprint, built-in tie-offs and connection points for workers and machinery, no hazardous materials and highly recyclable materials. For more information, read the paper Design for Deconstruction and Materials Reuse in the Resources section. How can you salvage and reuse building materials? To choose the best option for managing a project’s waste, consider the value of the various materials. For instance, there may be materials on a project that have a greater value “as is” for salvage compared to their value as material for recycling. Some of these materials may be valuable to reuse on-site; others may be donated or sold to a used building material retailer or charitable organization. The initial costs for deconstruction services may be offset by returns from salvaged materials or reduced purchasing costs. Some deconstruction services also may give a tax deduction for materials that are donated. In some cases, reused materials may also provide functional or aesthetic features not available in new materials. For example, salvaged wood is often of a quality and a variety of species that is difficult to find in the market place. Refer to the Construction Recycling uploads/Ingenierie_Lourd/ cwm-guide.pdf