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AUSTRALIAN GUIDE TO LEGAL CITATION Second Edition Melbourne University Law Revi

AUSTRALIAN GUIDE TO LEGAL CITATION Second Edition Melbourne University Law Review Association Inc Melbourne Published and distributed by the Melbourne University Law Review Association Inc with the generous support of Australian guide to legal citation. 2nd ed. Bibliography. Includes index. ISBN 0 7325 1618 8. 1. Citation of legal authorities - Australia - Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Melbourne University Law Review Association. 808.06634 First Edition 1998 Second Edition 2002 Published by: Melbourne University Law Review Association Inc Reg No A0017345F · ABN 21 447 204 764 Melbourne University Law Review Law School The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia Telephone: (+61 3) 8344 6593 Facsimile: (+61 3) 9347 8087 Email: <mulr@law.unimelb.edu.au> Internet: <http://www.law.unimelb.edu. au/mulr> © 1998–2002 Melbourne University Law Review Association Inc. This work is protected by the laws of copyright. Except for any uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth) or equivalent overseas legislation, no part of this work may be reproduced, in any manner or in any medium without the written permission of the publisher. All rights reserved. The Australian Guide to Legal Citation has been adopted by Adelaide Law Review Australasian Journal of Natural Resource Law and Policy Australian Law Librarian Australian Property Law Journal Bond Law Review Canberra Law Review Corporate and Business Law Journal Deakin Law Review Elder Law Review Federal Law Review Flinders Journal of Law Reform Indigenous Law Bulletin James Cook University Law Review Macquarie Law Journal Media and Arts Law Review Melbourne Journal of International Law Melbourne University Law Review Monash University Law Review Newcastle Law Review New Zealand Armed Forces Law Review Queensland University of Technology Law and Justice Journal Revenue Law Journal Sydney Law Review University of New South Wales Law Journal University of Western Sydney Law Review iv Foreword to the First Edition Many publishers and some publications have their own Style Guides. For years, the editors of the Melbourne University Law Review referred to the Style Guide published by the Review’s constituent body to solve problems of how to cite mate- rials referred to in the articles and notes appearing in each issue. Now the Mel- bourne University Law Review Association has produced an Australian Guide to Legal Citation. The project is ambitious. As its Preface says, the Guide ‘attempts to set down and clarify citation customs where they exist, and to determine the best practice where no particular custom has been established’. In so doing the Association seeks to emulate other, long established and authoritative citation guides published by uni- versity law reviews. Of these, the ‘Bluebook’ is, perhaps, the best known. Pub- lished by a group of law reviews led by the Harvard Law Review, The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation has become the standard work in the field in the United States and has now passed through many editions. Other university law re- views have entered the field, for example, the University of Chicago Manual of Legal Citation and, in Canada, the Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation published by the McGill Law Journal. Not all such works attract only praise. Judge Posner has written of the Bluebook that it ‘creates an atmosphere of formality and redundancy in which the drab, Lati- nate, plethoric, euphemistic style of law reviews and judicial opinions flourishes’.1 But this Guide is not, and does not pretend to be a guide to legal style any more than it is a guide to substantive law. The Guide is concerned only with how sources may be identified. Its principles require that they be identified clearly and accurately, simply and efficiently, and with due sensitivity. The way in which the material from those sources is then used and presented is for the author to choose. It is for the author to develop a style that will engage the reader. Every reader will, no doubt, wish that the style chosen is not ‘drab, Latinate, plethoric [or] euphemis- tic’. If it is the fault will lie with the author not the Guide. Justice K M Hayne High Court of Australia 19 March 1998 1 Richard Posner, ‘Goodbye to the Bluebook’ (1986) 53 University of Chicago Law Review 1343, 1349. v Preface to the Second Edition The Melbourne University Law Review Association published the first edition of the Australian Guide to Legal Citation in 1998 with the intention of creating a standard system of legal citation in Australia. The AGLC attempts to set down and clarify citation customs where they exist, and to determine the best practice where no particular custom has been established. The production of this edition of the AGLC has been prompted by the support and encouragement of law students, academics, legal practitioners, law schools, li- braries and law journals throughout Australia. A number of law schools now pre- scribe the AGLC for use by their students, including the law schools at Adelaide University, Deakin University, the University of Melbourne and the University of Wollongong. The list of law journals that have adopted the AGLC as their defini- tive style guide reflects the enthusiasm of the Australian legal community for the idea of a uniform system of legal citation. New Rules in the Second Edition The AGLC has been amended and supplemented to ensure that it remains up-to- date. Many of the changes in the second edition have been made in response to the valuable advice and suggestions received from users of the first edition. A number of rules have been revised to maintain clarity and succinctness. New examples have been included to illustrate each rule, and the list of abbreviations for law re- ports has been updated. Additional rules have been devised to provide guidance for the citation of the fol- lowing sources: • transcripts of court proceedings; • explanatory memoranda; • translations; • parliamentary committee and royal commission reports; • convention debates; • television and radio transcripts; • speeches; • letters; • Internet materials; • decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Communities; and • WTO and GATT documents. A rule on the use of bibliographies has also been added. vi Acknowledgments Members of the Melbourne University Law Review Association have been in- volved in the production of this edition of the AGLC for the past three years. We are thankful to the General Editor of the first edition, Andrew Mitchell, for his continuing interest in the AGLC. In 1999 and 2000, the Melbourne University Law Review Association’s AGLC committee was chaired by Anna Thwaites, who is to be commended for her perseverance in co-ordinating amendments to the AGLC and in receiving feedback on the first edition during that period. The Editors of the Melbourne University Law Review have been instrumental in revisions to the AGLC since 1998 — thank you to Nick Anson, Chester Brown, Sarah Leighfield, Paul Liondas, Luke Livingston, Sarah Martin, David Morgan, Andrew North, Lisa Teasdale, Anna Thwaites and Katie Young. We are grateful to current and former members of the Melbourne University Law Review Association. In particular, we would like to thank Katy Barnett, Rose Bryant-Smith, Tim Cleary, Susannah Downie, Simon Ellis, Edwina Fenton, An- drew Fernbach, Sam Fradd, Mark Grasso, Simona Gory, David Gurney, Will Heath, Alana Lam, Emily Latif, Matthew Lees, Rowan McRae, Simon Raffin and Micaela Sahhar. Thank you to Joel Fetter, Lauren Holloway, Joanna McCarthy and members of the Melbourne University Law Review Association’s marketing committee. We are also thankful to Dr Simon Evans, Ian Malkin, Dr Martin Vranken, Kris Walker and the Melbourne Journal of International Law for their advice, and Eloise Dias, Simon Ellis, Joel Fetter, Chris Haan, Wayne Jocic, Luke Livingston, Ian Malkin, James McComish and David Morgan for comments on a draft version of this edition. Finally, we wish to thank all of the law students, academics, lawyers, judges, law school administrators, law librarians and editors of law journals who have sup- ported the AGLC. We look forward to receiving feedback on ways in which the AGLC can be improved for its third edition. Lucy Kirwan and Jeremy Masters General Editors, Australian Guide to Legal Citation Melbourne University Law Review Association December 2001 Contents vii Contents 1. General Rules ..............................................................................1 1.1 General Format of Footnotes ............................................................1 1.1.1 When to Footnote...................................................................1 1.1.2 The Position of Footnote Numbers.........................................2 1.1.3 Full Stops at the End of Footnotes .........................................3 1.2 Subsequent References.....................................................................3 1.2.1 Ibid .........................................................................................3 1.2.2 Above and Below ...................................................................4 1.3 Introductory Signals for Citations.....................................................6 1.4 Headings .............................................................................................7 1.4.1 Title and Author......................................................................7 1.4.2 Heading Levels.......................................................................8 1.5 Quotations...........................................................................................8 1.5.1 Short and Long Quotations ....................................................8 1.5.2 Punctuation Introducing Long Quotations...............................9 1.5.3 Capitalisation at the Start of Quotations ...............................10 1.5.4 Ellipses.................................................................................11 1.5.5 [sic].......................................................................................11 1.5.6 Change in Emphasis or Omission of Citations .....................12 1.5.7 Editing Quotations................................................................12 1.6 Punctuation.......................................................................................13 1.6.1 Full Stops .............................................................................13 1.6.2 Commas...............................................................................13 1.6.3 Dashes .................................................................................14 1.6.4 Quotation Marks...................................................................15 1.6.5 Parentheses .........................................................................15 1.6.6 Square Brackets...................................................................16 1.7 Capitalisation....................................................................................16 1.8 Italics .................................................................................................18 1.9 Spelling..............................................................................................18 1.9.1 Official Dictionary .................................................................18 1.9.2 Hyphens ...............................................................................18 1.10 Grammar............................................................................................19 1.10.1 Official Guide........................................................................19 1.10.2 Common Problems...............................................................19 1.11 Inclusive Language ..........................................................................19 1.12 Numbers, Dates and Currency ........................................................20 1.12.1 Numbers...............................................................................20 1.12.2 Dates....................................................................................21 1.12.3 Currency...............................................................................22 1.13 Names................................................................................................22 1.13.1 General Rule ........................................................................22 1.13.2 Judges..................................................................................23 uploads/Litterature/ legal-citation-guide 1 .pdf