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The Solid Waste Management Resource Guide for Massachusetts Schools 1996 Editio

The Solid Waste Management Resource Guide for Massachusetts Schools 1996 Edition William F. Weld, Governor Commonwealth of Massachusetts Trudy Coxe, Secretary Executive Office of Environmental Affairs David B. Struhs, Commissioner Department of Environmental Protection Original Printed on Recycled Paper The Department of Environmental Protection makes no restriction on the noncommercial reproduction or use of this publication. The 1996 edition of the Resource Guide was partially funded by an Environmental Education Grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as part of Beyond 3Rs—Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: A Solid Waste Education Program. Although the information in this document has been partially funded by the EPA under agreement number 66-951 to the Franklin County Solid Waste Management District, it may not necessarily reflect the views of EPA and no official endorsement should be inferred. ii Table of Contents Letter from David B. Struhs, DEP Commissioner.................................................................... v Letter from Waste Management, Inc. ..................................................................................... vii Using the Resource Guide ....................................................................................................... ix Overview of Revisions to the 1996 Resource Guide................................................................ x SECTION I: WHAT IS WASTE? ............................................................................................ 1 Solid Waste Composition ..................................................................................................... 3 Natural Resource Facts ......................................................................................................... 6 Recycling Facts..................................................................................................................... 9 Paper ................................................................................................................................. 9 Glass................................................................................................................................ 12 Glass................................................................................................................................ 12 Metal ............................................................................................................................... 14 Plastic.............................................................................................................................. 16 Aseptic Packaging and Milk Cartons.............................................................................. 20 Problem Waste Facts........................................................................................................... 21 Batteries .......................................................................................................................... 21 Motor Oil ........................................................................................................................ 25 Construction and Demolition Debris .............................................................................. 27 Tires ................................................................................................................................ 27 Biosolids ......................................................................................................................... 27 Household Hazardous Products and Waste .................................................................... 29 Activities, Section I: What Is Waste? ..................................................................................... 37 What is Waste? ............................................................................................................... 39 When is it Trash? ............................................................................................................ 43 Types of Waste: Product Profiles ................................................................................... 49 Know Your Properties .................................................................................................... 51 Sizing Up Waste: Volume vs. Weight ........................................................................... 53 Be A Garbage Detective ................................................................................................. 55 One Person’s Garbage Can is Another’s Gold Mine...................................................... 57 Waste Now… Worry Later............................................................................................. 59 The Resourceful Earth .................................................................................................... 61 Running Out of Resources? ............................................................................................ 69 Taking Care of Our Land................................................................................................ 73 Learning About Litter ..................................................................................................... 77 Hazards at Home............................................................................................................. 79 Alternative BINGO—The Safer Way to Play ................................................................ 83 Tons of Trash .................................................................................................................. 89 Throwing It All Away..................................................................................................... 93 Production By-Products—Getting to the Source............................................................ 99 The Lorax...................................................................................................................... 101 Plastic Pollution and Marine Wildlife........................................................................... 103 The Resource Protection Game .................................................................................... 111 Home Safe Home.......................................................................................................... 115 Everywhere is Somewhere............................................................................................ 121 Tracking Hazardous Wastes: Where Do They Go?..................................................... 123 iii Household Hazardous Waste Audit.............................................................................. 133 SECTION II: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MASSACHUSETTS ....................... 137 The Past............................................................................................................................. 139 The Present........................................................................................................................ 141 The Future......................................................................................................................... 143 SECTION III: SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS ................................................... 149 Source Reduction.............................................................................................................. 151 Recycling .......................................................................................................................... 154 Composting....................................................................................................................... 162 Combustion....................................................................................................................... 165 Landfills ............................................................................................................................ 167 iv COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ONE WINTER STREET, BOSTON MA 02108 (617) 292-5500 WILLIAM F. WELD Governor TRUDY COXE Secretary ARGEO PAUL CELLUCCI Lt. Governor October, 1996 DAVID B. STRUHS Commissioner Dear Massachusetts Educator: The Department of Environmental Protection is pleased to present the revised Solid Waste Management Resource Guide for Massachusetts Schools, 1996 Edition. This guide, first produced in 1990, has been invaluable in fostering an awareness and knowledge of solid waste among the students of the Commonwealth. Massachusetts has set ambitious goals for waste reduction and recycling, to be achieved by the end of this decade. At the same time, the Commonwealth has also created new educational standards for both educators and students. These goals reflect the growing recognition that it is our responsibility to maintain a healthy environment for future generations as well as to provide the citizenry of Massachusetts with the skills and knowledge necessary to make decisions regarding environmental protection. If we are to reach these goals, we must continue to invest in the education of the youngest members of our society, our children. We must continue to educate and inform the students of today about the environmental issues they will face in the future. This resource guide will assist educators in teaching students about the source reduction and solid waste management issues they face today and will confront tomorrow. The Executive Office of Environmental Affairs and the Department of Environmental Protection are committed to increasing recycling education resources available to educators. We are confident that the Revised 1996 Solid Waste Management Resource Guide will continue to be a valuable tool in imparting awareness of solid waste management issues. Sincerely, David B. Struhs Commissioner Department of Environmental Protection v vi Waste Management, Inc. A WMX Technologies Company Phone 617.246.4210 580 Edgewater Drive Wakefield, MA 01880-6292 Dear Educator, At Waste Management, Inc., we are dedicated to increasing recycling awareness and education throughout Massachusetts. We are honored to join the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection and the Massachusetts Audubon Society in sponsoring the Solid Waste Management Resource Guide: 1996 Edition for the schools in our state. All of us at Waste Management, Inc., hope the guide will be a valuable tool in expanding statewide education initiatives. This public/private partnership allows us to teach today’s youth the importance of protecting our natural resources. Our company provides recycling services to cities, towns, and businesses throughout the commonwealth. Educating the next generation of leaders today on the importance of waste reduction and reuse is an important step in both increasing and maintaining recycling efforts statewide. At a time when environmental issues are a concern to everyone, the 1996 Solid Waste Management Resource Guide serves as an effective tool to educate students of all ages. This curriculum teaches sound environmental practices through hands-on activities and projects. As a company dedicated to protecting and enhancing the environment, we are pleased to have a role in supporting this program. We look forward to being a community partner for this worthwhile project. Sincerely, Jay Rooney Northeast Group President Waste Management, Inc. vii viii Using the Resource Guide Building public awareness is a critical step toward ensuring that our solid waste is managed in environmentally responsible ways in the future. Teachers have a golden opportunity to reach our children and to help them understand the nature of waste, why it needs to be dealt with, and how it can be managed. The material in this guide is meant to provide teachers with supporting material and specific activities to use in teaching about solid waste issues and the individual’s role in affecting them. This Resource Guide was developed for grades K–12. It reflects the Commonwealth's forward- looking legislation and DEP’s Solid Waste Master Plan 1995 update. The goals behind preparation of this material were to: Help students understand solid waste and resource management issues. Make students understand that their attitudes and actions affect these issues. Present the state's four-step integrated approach to solid waste management: reduce, recycle, incinerate, and landfill. The material in this guide is divided into four sections: an overview of the materials that comprise the waste and recycling streams; a brief history of solid waste management in Massachusetts; profiles of the four disposal strategies being implemented by DEP; and appendices. Activities following each of the first three sections are divided into two age groups, K–6 and 7–12. We encourage you to browse through the activities for both age groups for ideas. The activities are designed to increase the students' knowledge and awareness of solid waste issues, to enhance their skills through interdisciplinary studies, and to encourage active participation in understanding and addressing solid waste issues. You may wish to create solid waste units or use individual activities to supplement your regular curriculum. The guide’s updated appendices contain sources used in the development of this project, as well as an extensive list of organizations, publications, audio-visual materials, and other instructional tools that provide supporting information on solid waste issues. This guide is not intended to function as a curriculum by itself. Rather, it should be viewed as a treasure chest of ideas and background information for you to use creatively and freely. Please feel free to photocopy materials from the guide and share them with your colleagues. Additional copies may be obtained by contacting the DEP at (617) 338-2255 from area code 617 and outside Massachusetts, and at 1-800-462-0444 from area codes 413 and 508. ix Overview of Revisions to the 1996 Resource Guide Dear Educator, The original scope of the Resource Guide revisions was to update facts and figures only. The project revisions expanded to reflect the significant changes in the Commonwealth’s Solid Waste Master Plan: 1995 Update. The layout of the guide is essentially the same as that of the 1990 edition, with some sections expanded. The major sources for the updated information were the Massachusetts Solid Waste Master Plan: 1995 Update, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in the United States, 1992 and 1994 editions. The Commonwealth has made significant strides toward the goals set out in its original 1990 Master Plan. The information in the guide reflects the state’s progress. Changes in the guide include: 1. Revision of the appendices: All resources listed were verified by mail and phone. The Further Readings Appendix was removed due to the outdated publications listed. The Entertainer Appendix is now Appendix D, Performers, and has been significantly expanded. The Audio-Visual and Curricula Appendices uploads/Management/ swm-guide 1 .pdf