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Colonialization is a process that involves one nation or territory taking contr

Colonialization is a process that involves one nation or territory taking control over another nation or territory either through use of force or by acquisition. It is the policy of a nation seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people. Colonialization is generally done with the aim of either developing or exploiting them to the benefit of the colonializing country and helping colonies modernize in terms defined by the colonizers, especially in religion, economics and health. Colonization maybe a state policy or even a private project chartered by associations, groups or even individuals. Overpopulation, economic distress, social unrest, and religious persecution in the home country may be factors that cause colonization, but imperialism, more or less aggressive humanitarianism, and a desire for adventure or individual improvement are also causes. During colonization when the colonizing nation implements its type of education and school on its colonies, which is a byproduct of colonization. The idea of assimilation became important in colonization, it involves the colonized being forced to conform to cultures and traditions. It was soon enough after making different countries their colonies that colonizers realized that having just physical control over the colonies won’t be enough, but having mental control too would be beneficial. The mental control is implemented through central intellectual location, the school system or the ‘ideological state apparatus’ In India, in the eighteenth century there was generally no education given to girls. In a village of about a hundred households, there was only one school, that too in the open. The students sat on mats or cow dung floors and were taught as much religion as their caste admits, reading, writing and arithmetic and accounts and some rudiments of physical and natural sciences. According to R.C. Mujumdar, English education not only changed the education system in India, but also brought a lot of western ideas in the country. Just like everywhere in the world, the colonial education did bring a change in it’s political, economic, religious and moral life. Though British did not aim at providing education to the Indian the reforms they brought in the education of India is proved to be a boon to the struggle for freedom. This very same education brought every Indian together and instilled a sense of unity among them. 0R.K. Narayanan was an Indian writer known for his works set in the fictional South Indian town of Malgudi. He was a leading author of early Indian literature in English. Narayan's mentor and friend Graham Greene was instrumental in getting publishers for Narayan’s first four books including the semi-autobiographical trilogy of Swami and Friends, The Bachelor of Arts and The English Teacher. The fictional town of Malgudi was first introduced in Swami and Friends. Narayan’s The Financial Expert was hailed as one of the most original works of 1951 and Sahitya Akademi Award winner The Guide was adapted for film and for Broadway. Narayanan’s swami and friends was amongst the very first books to be published. Swami and Friends opens with the five- or six-year-old Swami going off to school at the Albert Mission School, which his father has picked with great care because he wants Swami to get an English education so that he can have a good government position in the Indian Civil Service, like his own. This same mentality is seen at work in the education of the Hispanic peoples of the Southwest United States. The novel begins with the characters challenging the social norms and the boundaries established by the bruisers. Post colonialism is evident with the first big character encounter in chapter 1 when Mr. Ebenear, the scripture teacher belittles the religion of Swami and many other native people and promotes Christianity. Here, it is evident that the British colonization has influenced people who are natives of the country, but there are still some (like Swami and later his father and friends) who choose to challenge the lifestyle they are being pushed towards and instead would like to retain their own cultural norms. We see post colonialism being embodied here because Swami is not afraid to speak out against ideas that are pushed on him and the people of his nation by the colonizers, indicating a strong sense of nationality and fearless support for separation from British ideas. It is believed that Narayanan chose to use the main characters as young boys to show the rebellious side and their innocence as an excuse for their extreme actions. For instance, Mani is an angry character who does not allow people to look down upon him or challenge him. This could be showing the underlying anger and aggression that the people feel toward British colonization. Contrarily, Rajam could be showing the more obedient side of the people because his father is a high ranked police officer and he has grown up in a British centered environment. These two characters highlight the extreme ends of the stances that existed in society at the time. The novel not only focuses on the characters but also highlight the struggle that as going on during the period of the novel. For instance, in the twelfth chapter an incident of 15th August, 1930 is shown where Mahatma Gandhi is on a strike and how that strike leads to the school students having a strike of their own and refusing to go to the classrooms. Even though all of the students did not really understand what the strike was about, but it was pretty sure that the fact that India now wanted liberation, united all of them. The fact that the teachers and the headmaster were not a part of the strike shows how the school and education system was strictly followed as the British wanted it to be. The schools were not allowed to disobey any rules imposed by the government. To conclude, swami and friends is a novel that does teach us a lot about the colonial period. How the education system was adversely affected through colonialism and how the school system was more or less helpless in this. The implications of the colonial education are even more prominent in the current time and shows us the implications of change in culture and the westernization of the world. In the end, the colonial education more or less ended up disconnecting people from their roots of culture and religion, it is westernization and its substitutes that hold a stronger influence. BIBLOGRAPHY: http://www.rekhareddy.com https://sunaynauberoy.wordpress.com https://www.thefreelibrary.com http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in http://www.supersummary.com Submitted by: Rupal Arora BA English (hons) First year # 1404 uploads/Religion/ colonial-education.pdf