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Running Head: FL 663 FRENCH REVIEW ARTICLE 1 FL 663 French Review Article Rebek

Running Head: FL 663 FRENCH REVIEW ARTICLE 1 FL 663 French Review Article Rebekah Diser University of Southern Mississippi FL 663 FRENCH REVIEW ARTICLE 2 FL 663 French Review Article In “L’Intégration des emprunts à l’angliche dans les dictionnaires,” Saugera examines the integration of English in the French language. While she notes that the French have also borrowed from languages other than English: Italian, Russian, etc., she does not examine their prevalence or impact on the French language. In her study of English loan words, she examines three dictionaries: le Nouveau Petit Robert, le Dictionnaire de franglais, and le Dictionnaire des angicismes. Saugera classifies the loanwords differently. She claims that the loanwords are natural and necessary when they uniquely reflect the culture from which they were loaned such as cricket and cow-boy. Since a French cultural equivalent does not exist, the loan word remains undisputed. Other times the loanword is used for a new technological advance. She claims that these loanwords can be valuable until a French alternative can be created. Then, there are other loanwords that Saugera claims are unnecessary because a French alternative already exists. Each of the publications treat the loan words differently. In le Nouveau Petit Robert, if a loanword is listed and a French alternative exists, le Nouveau Petit Robert lists the existing French alternative in place of a definition for the loanword and gives the definition where the French word is listed. Le Nouveau Petit Robert includes a list of loanwords at the beginning of the dictionary. Le Nouveau Petit Robert aims to describe the language as used by the French people. In Dictionnaire de franglais, the claim is made that the loanwords exist to fill a weakness in French. The Dictionnaire de franglais only contains loanwords. Saugera points out that the 850 entries were most likely not based upon frequency when she gives the examples of homespun and uppercut. The third source consulted for the study, le Dictionnaire des anglicismes, is much more comprehensive with 2,700 English loanwords listed. Some of the entries contained therein are noted as obsolete or uncommon by Saugera. FL 663 FRENCH REVIEW ARTICLE 3 Saugera concludes that the French originally adopt an English loanword, then as a French equivalent becomes available, the English loanword becomes obsolete. Because of this, she claims that the French are not in danger of losing their language, and they should stop the war against English loanwords. It is interesting to consider this article through the lens of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. While the more severe version of this hypothesis, language determinism, has been shown to be false, the less severe version of this hypothesis, language relativism, still has validity. It is this form that is relevant to this study. Certain loanwords do not have a cultural equivalent. Rather than augment the culture’s world view, the French borrow the expression from the culture. Other loanwords do not express an idea or item specific to one culture, so the French borrow the expression from the culture that discovered the idea or invented the item until they are able to coin their own expression for the idea or item. This article is important to educators because educators need to teach their students current and relevant language. It is imperative that educators have the tools to provide their students with recent content. This article points teachers to resources to find this information as it changes. While most educators will most likely be aware of le Petit Robert, it is less likely that educators will be aware of the existence of the other two resources. This article also points out the existence of false English loanwords. False English loanwords are English words that the French use to mean something other than what they mean in English. French teachers may be unaware of their existence. The article also points out that Anglophones often consider all things French to be “chic.” French teachers may have to point out that many things that we call French are not really French such as French fries and French manicures. Educators may be able to help FL 663 FRENCH REVIEW ARTICLE 4 their students explore a Francophone world view through the exploration of loanwords (Saugera, 2006). FL 663 FRENCH REVIEW ARTICLE 5 References Saugera, V. (2006). L’Intégration des emprunts à l’angliche dans les dictionnaires. The French Review, 79, 964-973. http://dx.doi.org/131.95.109.31 FL 663 FRENCH REVIEW ARTICLE 6 L'Intégration des emprunts à l'angliche dans les dictionnaires Author(s): Valérie Saugera Source: The French Review, Vol. 79, No. 5 (Apr., 2006), pp. 964-973 Published by: American Association of Teachers of French Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25480430 Accessed: 19-09-2016 00:05 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms American Association of Teachers of French is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The French Review This content downloaded from 131.95.109.31 on Mon, 19 Sep 2016 00:05:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The French Review, Vol. 79, No. 5, April 2006 Printed in U.S.A. L'Integration des emprunts a Yangliche dans les dictionnaires par Valerie Saugera V oilA plus de quatre siecles qu'on s'agite en France sur le sujet contro verse des emprunts aux langues ?trangeres et que le discours demeure presque insensiblement le meme. L'italomanie du seizieme siecle1 a fait place a une anglomanie notoirement combattue par Etiemble dans son pamphlet Parlez-vous franglais? (1964). Invasions du franricain, imperia lisme yankee, souillure anglo-saxonne sont autant de bannieres brandies par les puristes face aux anglicismes. Les interventions etatiques2 et les critiques acerbes de certains ecrivains, chroniqueurs, professeurs et lin guistes sont bien connues, mais les attitudes epilinguistiques de l'homme de la rue envers les anglicismes passent, elles, sous silence. A dire vrai, les Frangais affichent une belle indifference et utilisent les termes anglais FL 663 FRENCH REVIEW ARTICLE 7 bien volontiers, sans gene ni culpabilite. Et les dictionnaires, quel parti prennent-ils dans ce debat? Quelle position adopter entre une norme et une elite intellectuelle qui font la guerre aux anglicismes et des locuteurs aux opinions pacifistes? La lutte acharnee contre l'anglais n'est-elle pas quelque peu excessive? En d'autres termes, y a-t-il vraiment lieu de s'alarmer? Ce court article a pour objectif de rendre compte du traitement et de l'integration des anglicismes dans un dictionnaire generaliste, le Nouveau Petit Robert (2002), et deux dictionnaires specialises, le Dictionnaire de franglais (1980) et le Dictionnaire des anglicismes (1988), en esquissant la position ideologique de chacun. L'etude presentera le point de vue d'un dictionnaire de langue generaliste3 face au flot croissant des emprunts a la langue anglaise, notamment depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale, avant d'examiner les dictionnaires specialises en anglicismes. 1. Les Anglicismes dans les dictionnaires generaux: le Nouveau Petit Robert anglicise avec prudence Dans la preface du Nouveau Petit Robert, la section "Evolution du lexi que" reserve, de bon gre, une place aux emprunts. On y apprend sans 964 This content downloaded from 131.95.109.31 on Mon, 19 Sep 2016 00:05:10 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms LES EMPRUNTS A L'ANGLICHE DANS LES DICTIONNAIRES 965 grande surprise que, parmi les nouvelles entrees, les emprunts a l'anglais sont les plus nombreux, bien que d'autres langues aient aussi abondam ment nourri le francais au cours des derni&res annees, tels le russe, l'arabe, le japonais et l'espagnol. Quelle est la position id?ologique du dictionnaire Robert face aux emprunts? La reponse est bivalente. Josette Rey-Debove et Alain Rey, directeurs de la redaction et lexi cographes avertis, associent dans un premier temps les emprunts au be soin grandissant de nommer des choses en provenance d'ailleurs. Ces emprunts ne sont pas FL 663 FRENCH REVIEW ARTICLE 8 contestables puisqu'ils comblent des lacunes lexi cales du francais. Ces anglicismes non- condamnables, en raison de leur utilite, ont ete baptises xenismes, mots rattaches a la culture de la langue preteuse (cow-boy, milk-shake, cricket). II revetent en plus un caractere hu maniste: "C'est un rapprochement entre les peuples et entre les langues car ces mots, generalement non assimiles, deviennent des mots uni versels (Vaquavit, lefugu, Yomerta, etc.)" (xv). Toutefois, les auteurs, pru dents, consid&rent que la langue frangaise abuse des emprunts a la langue anglaise, plus exactement a l'anglais americain, et qu'il est n?ces saire de faire le tri: "Certains anglicismes, on le sait, sont plus contesta bles dans la mesure ou ils ne sont pas necessaires, et de loin" (xv). Ils deplorent l'utilisation de certains termes anglais ayant une alternative frangaise parce qu'ils interf&rent avec des mots qui font tres bien leur tra vail sans avoir besoin d'un remplagant a temps partiel. Pourquoi attache case? Le nom frangais mallette ne remplit-il pas sa fonction? Le terme mal lette est atteste des le douzi&me siecle; l'anglais attache- case, repandu en France vers 1960, uploads/Societe et culture/ fl-663-frenchreviewarticle.pdf