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S E T T I N G T H E S T A N D A R D S TILING GUIDE Formed in January 2000, thro

S E T T I N G T H E S T A N D A R D S TILING GUIDE Formed in January 2000, through the amalgamation of the NMTFA (National Master Tile Fixers’ Association), the NTA (National Tile Association), the TPB (Tile Promotion Board) and British Ceramic Tile Council, The Tile Association represents the entire UK wall and floor tile industry and is committed to continuously promoting professionalism and raising standards in the tiling industry. TTA operates as a Trade Association with TTA Board having overall responsibility for the work of the Association. Many members of TTA Board and Committees have contributed to the formation of British Standards for best tiling practice. TTA operates a partnership with Trading Standards to form a Primary Authority for the tiling sector. This is backed by BEIS (The Department of Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy). Opted-in members can access regulatory advice on trading standards, environmental health and fire safety legislation, enabling them to ensure their work is compliant at all times. To learn more about TTA’s work and services, and/or its membership benefits, go to www.tiles.org.uk BS 5385-1 states that “the application of ceramic or natural stone mosaic demands efficient supervision and the employment of properly trained operatives, skilled to an appropriate level of competence certified by a recognised body, e.g. The Tile Association…” INTRODUCTION 01 1 Training Page 02 2 Tile Types Page 04 3 Slip Resistance of Floor Tiles Page 06 4 Classification of Tile Adhesives and Grouts Page 07 5 Trowel Choice Page 08 6 Weight Limits for Wall Tiling Page 09 7 Setting Out Page 10 8 Substrate Preparation Page 11 9 General Fixing Techniques Page 12 10 Movement Joints Page 14 11 Grouting Page 15 12 Cleaning & Maintenance Page 16 13 Special Installation Considerations Page 17 14 TTA Member Manufacturers Page 24 This Tiling Guide from TTA has been produced to help support tilers in their day-to-day work. It contains practical information on key installation issues which most tilers will encounter in the course of their work. Further information can be found in a range of TTA Technical Publications, free for download for members on www.tiles.org.uk, non-members can purchase copies by emailing technical@tile.org.uk TTA members can enjoy further benefits such as free access to technical advice in line with latest industry standards, training and business support services. Join now* and quote FIXNEW to get £50 off the first year’s subscription. Contact us by calling 0300 365 8453 or emailing membership@tile.org.uk TILING GUIDE *Subject to terms and conditions and meeting all joining criteria 02 The Tile Association is a Construction Industry Training Board (CITB) Approved Training Organisation (ATO). TTA is dedicated to developing training courses with the aim of increasing the understanding and competence of tiling installation. ATO status means that the training courses TTA provides are run to defined and industry-agreed standards. TTA’s Training Committee focuses on the training requirements and provision for the whole tiling industry. TTA has worked with the industry and helped develop the Trailblazer Apprenticeship Standard for Wall and Floor Tile Fixer qualification. The Trailblazer Apprenticeship will play a major role in providing opportunities for young people who are interested in joining the industry and also in driving up skill levels of new entrants to the industry for the benefit of companies and employers. TTA has CITB funding to train NVQ assessors for the industry. TTA aims to provide an assessor infrastructure for the wall and floor tiling sector across the UK which will support quality assured assessment of experienced operatives to NVQL2. Funding is also available for NVQ EWPAR/OSAT training, which is designed to help fixers obtain their CSCS cards. Having its own NVQ assessors helps TTA strengthen its training activities and also makes it easier for companies and independent fixers to access the training support they need. TTA supports a skilled 1 TRAINING 03 and qualified workforce to stimulate the market by providing a route to qualification for experienced operatives via on-site assessment. TTA gives full support to the assessors both during the training process and throughout the EWPAR/OSAT assessment of experienced operatives. TTA is also promoting a CITB grant scheme, designed to support smaller tiling companies with the start-up costs involved in taking on a new apprentice - for example the cost of recruitment and associated start-up costs. Under the scheme tiling companies can apply for a grant of £500 if they meet the eligibility conditions. TTA also runs a variety of short courses and technical seminars. These may be linked to the publication of a new technical document or to a product trend in the market, such as the series of training sessions on Large Format Tiling which ran during 2019. TTA’s commitment to training can be seen also in the growing number of colleges in all parts of the UK which have signed up as TTA members. These colleges offer a variety of courses, including City & Guilds Level 1 and 2, as well as shorter Taster and Beginner courses. For further information on TTA Training courses available please go to www.tiles.org.uk/tiling-courses or contact us either by phone on 0300 365 8453 or email training@tile.org.uk There are many different types of tiles on the market and they have different properties such as porosity, density and durability, etc. It is important to understand these differences and choose the right product for the job intended. Glazed Porous Body Ceramic Tiles Glazed porous body, e.g. BIII ceramic tiles consist of a porous bisque body with a decorative glazed surface. Unglazed Tiles Generally used in domestic and industrial installations, they are available with a slip resistant surface profile for floor tiling in wet areas. Porcelain Tiles Highly attractive and very hardwearing tiles that have extremely low water absorbency. Available as wall or floor tiles, sometimes glazed often with good anti-slip properties, they can be used internally, and providing they are of sufficient slip resistance, externally, these tiles are, depending on thickness, suitable for domestic and commercial use. 04 2 TILE TYPES They typically require the use of a polymer enhanced cement based adhesive. The use of a ready-mixed adhesive is not recommended. Natural Stone Tiles Natural stone tiles include limestone, marble, granite, slate, travertine, quartzite and sandstone. Whilst some natural stone tiles are extremely hard wearing, the performance of these materials does vary, and you should seek guidance on their suitability for your project. Some natural stone tiles may require the use of adhesives and grouts specifically designed for the installation of natural stone tiles. Some natural stone tiles may need to be sealed before grouting to avoid staining. Terrazzo Either pre-manufactured or laid in-situ, terrazzo consists of granite and marble chips in a Portland cement, or sometimes resin binder. They can be polished to give a low absorbent and high strength surface. Rectified Edge Rectified or sharp edge tiles have been cut to near exact measurements with an almost perfect straight edge. Each of the four sides will be at a 90° angle to the top and bottom faces of the tile meaning that the edges are perfectly symetrical, creating a more uniformed look. Agglomerate This type of tile is manufactured by mixing graded pieces of granite and marble with cement and resins to give a pre-formed tile. They generally have low water absorption. Refer to the manufacturer’s advice for fixing instructions. Some agglomerated stone tiles are particularly sensitive to expansion with moisture and heat, leading to curling or lipping, and may require the use of a resin adhesive. Mosaic Tiles These are small pieces of ceramic, natural stone or glass usually sold in sheets on a mesh backing or paper facing for ease of fixing. Thin bed solid bed fixing is recommended. Glass Tiles Manufactured from glass, and available in many striking opaque colours. They can be manufactured in small sizes on mosaic backings and are available in much larger formats. They are very hard and offer extremely low porosity. Typically a minimum of a C2 classification cement-based adhesive is required but some decorative tiles may require resin-based adhesives. Extra care should be taken when grouting to prevent scratching. 05 06 When planning a tiling project, it is important to ensure that you choose a tile that is suitable for its intended use, and is safe and easy to maintain. The slip resistance property of the tile should be considered for safety reasons. For instance, areas such as a swimming pool surround or shower area require a higher degree of wet slip resistance than areas that will remain predominantly dry. The UK Health & Safety Executive (HSE) recommends the use of the Pendulum Test. The slip potential classification based on Pendulum Test Values (PTV) are as below: The slip resistance of a floor in service is dependent upon the surface and its environment. It is important to recognise that this can change significantly with the introduction of a lubricant e.g. water and during the process of installation and finishing. For floors where its anticipated use is likely to involve uploads/Voyage/ tiling-guide-download 1 .pdf