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Brief guide to harvard Brief Guide to Referencing with Harvard Why should you reference ? Referencing your source material gives authority to your work strengthens your argument and demonstrates the breadth of your research ? A complete bibliography will

Brief Guide to Referencing with Harvard Why should you reference ? Referencing your source material gives authority to your work strengthens your argument and demonstrates the breadth of your research ? A complete bibliography will enable the reader to ?nd your sources of information themselves and allow them to verify your data ? Failure to correctly cite and credit sources of information used within your work constitutes plagiarism and is a serious o ?ence of academic misconduct To avoid accusations of plagiarism always remember to state within your own work when you are using someone else ? s examples This guide gives advice on referencing using the Harvard System This is the preferred referencing system for many of the departments at the University of Liverpool There are numerous di ?erent types of referencing systems available and it is advised that you choose one system and stick with it to ensure consistency throughout your work There are two key elements to the Harvard System ? Citing within the text of your work ?? you need to acknowledge within your text the sources you have used ? Complete bibliographic citations ?? you need to give complete details for the sources you have used These should be included as an alphabetical list at the end of your work This reference list is known as a bibliography Part Citing within the text ? Whenever you refer to another person ? s work within your own work then you must include a reference to show where you have found this information ? Wherever in the text you refer to a particular source then include the author ? s surname and the year of publication and also any page numbers if you are quoting from a speci ?c page ? If a work you are citing has more than authors give only the ?rst authors surname and initials followed by et al ? If you state the authors name within your work then just include the date of publication to indicate the work being cited To cite within the text of your work CArti ?cial intelligence can be de ?ned as the science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by men Minsky According to Striver all aspects of rational thought should be considered to involve some degree of experimentation Part Full bibliographic citations You must include all the references you make throughout a piece of work in a bibliography at the end List the references in alphabetical order by the surname of the ?rst author Below are some examples of how to reference di ?erent types of material in your bibliography How to reference di ?erent information sources Books A reference to a book should include the following information ? Author s editor s or institutional author s ? Year of publication ? Title and any subtitle ? Edition if it is not the ?rst edition ? Place of publication ? Publisher ? Also include page numbers if you are quoting