IEC/TR 60479-4 Edition 2.0 2011-0 TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE Effects o
IEC/TR 60479-4 Edition 2.0 2011-0 TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE Effects of current on human beings and livestock – Part 4: Effects of lightning strokes Effets du courant sur le corps humain et sur les animaux domestiques – Partie 4: Effets de la foudre IEC/TR 60479-4:2011 ® colour inside Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IEC Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright © 2011 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. 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Electrotechnique Internationale ® colour inside Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IEC Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`, – 2 – TR 60479-4 IEC:2011 CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 5 1 Scope and object .............................................................................................................. 6 2 Normative references ....................................................................................................... 6 3 Terms and definitions ....................................................................................................... 6 4 Physics of lightning .......................................................................................................... 9 5 Interaction of strokes with human beings and livestock ................................................... 10 5.1 General ................................................................................................................. 10 5.2 Description of direct strike ..................................................................................... 10 5.3 Description of contact voltage ............................................................................... 11 5.4 Description of side flash ........................................................................................ 12 5.5 Description of step-voltage .................................................................................... 13 5.6 Description of streamer shock ............................................................................... 15 5.7 Description of flashover ......................................................................................... 16 6 Effects of lightning strokes on the body of human beings and livestock .......................... 16 6.1 General ................................................................................................................. 16 6.2 Physiological effects .............................................................................................. 16 6.3 Pathophysiological effects ..................................................................................... 17 6.4 Thermal effects ..................................................................................................... 17 6.5 Comparison between effects of electric shock derived from electrical systems and lightning ............................................................................................ 17 6.6 Percentage occurrence ......................................................................................... 17 Bibliography .......................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 1 – Categorization of lightning [4] ............................................................................... 10 Figure 2 – Direct stroke ........................................................................................................ 11 Figure 3 – Contact voltage .................................................................................................... 12 Figure 4 – Side flash ............................................................................................................. 13 Figure 5 – Step voltage ......................................................................................................... 14 Figure 6 – Step voltage on quadrupeds ................................................................................. 14 Figure 7 – Step voltage with side flash .................................................................................. 15 Figure 8 – Upward streamer current ...................................................................................... 16 Table 1 – Causes of lightning death and most typical reported consequent disorders [11-16], [20] .......................................................................................................................... 18 Table 2 – Differences between low voltage and high voltage injuries from electrical systems, and lightning injuries [1], [11-16], [20] .................................................................... 19 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Provided by IHS under license with IEC Not for Resale No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- TR 60479-4 © IEC:2011 – 3 – INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ____________ EFFECTS OF CURRENT ON HUMAN BEINGS AND LIVESTOCK – Part 4: Effects of lightning strokes FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). 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