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Style Guide Section page Spelling and sense 1 Hyphenation 6 En rules and minus

Style Guide Section page Spelling and sense 1 Hyphenation 6 En rules and minus sign 7 Word breaks 7 Abbreviations and contractions 8 Dates and times 9 Capitalization 10 Names 12 Numbers 13 Units of measurement 14 Italic and bold 15 Spacing 16 Accents 16 Quote marks and quotations 17 Apostrophes 18 Cross-references 18 Bibliographical references 19 Tables 21 Lists 21 Headings and standfirsts 22 Captions, labels and credits 22 Footnotes 23 Miscellaneous punctuation, grammar and style 24 Style decisions/exceptions 31 Addresses, etc 32 Institute name/logo variations 32 Recommended references 33 Contents 1 Style Guide – Spelling and sense 1 Follow the first spelling preference given in the most up-to-date edition of Chambers Science and Technology Dictionary or Chambers English Dictionary, unless this differs from the style guide. For US titles, follow the first spelling preference given in Webster’s College Dictionary, unless this differs from the title-specific section of the style guide. London uses -ise endings 2 Use -ize,-izer, -ized, -izing, -ization endings, except for: advertise advise affranchise apprise arise chastise circumcise comprise compromise concise demise despise devise disenfranchise disguise emprise enfranchise enterprise excise exercise expertise franchise guise improvise incise merchandise misadvise misprise mortise practise (verb) precise premise prise (open) promise reprise revise seise (legal term) supervise surmise surprise televise treatise analyse catalyse dialyse electrolyse hydrolyse paralyse 3 Spell proper names according to the country of origin (e.g. Pearl Harbor, Australian Labor Party, National Tritium Labeling Facility), except where this goes against common UK usage (e.g. Munich not München). 4 The following are common misuse problems (refer to Fowler’s Modern English Usage for more detail): accessary (as in crime) accessory (attachment) adaptation adaption (US) Afrikaans (language) Afrikaner (person) aesthetic (relating to ascetic (austere person) sense of beauty) aeroplane (UK) airplane (US) affect (verb – have an effect (noun – result/ effect on) verb – bring about) aggravate (make worse, not annoy) alibi (being somewhere else, not an excuse) allusion (reference) illusion (false image) alternate (verb/ alternative(noun/ adjective: by turns) adjective: other) alternative (one of only two options) altogether (completely) all together (in one place) annex (verb) annexe (noun) anticipate (get ready/do expect (think something something in advance) is coming soon) appendixes (internal appendices (in a book) organs) appraise (estimate worth) apprise (inform) Argentine (noun/adjective) Argentinian (never) assure (make someone (see ensure and insure) confident of something) augur (predict) auger (make holes) bicentenary (noun) bicentennial (adjective) biannual (half-yearly) biennial (two-yearly) bimonthly (both half-monthly and two-monthly) billion (thousand million) black (race/noun) blond (adjective/male noun) blonde (female noun) bogey (golf) bogie (trolley) bogy (ghost) born (of birth) borne (of bear, but exceptions) bourgeois (adjective) bourgeoisie (noun) Britain/UK (Great Britain Great Britain (England, and Northern Ireland) Wales and Scotland) canvas (tent/painting) canvass (solicit votes) cashmere (fabric) Kashmir (place) cast off (verb) cast-off (noun) censor (vet) censure (blame) centre center (US) check out (verb) checkout (noun) choice (can’t be “the only choice”, because having a choice requires at least two options choose (present) chose (past) climb down (verb) climbdown (noun) common (same) mutual (reciprocal) common sense (noun) commonsense (adjective) complement (that which compliment (flatter(y)) completes) comprise (be made up of) consist (of: constitute) convince (someone of persuade (someone the facts) to do something) contemporary (of the same period, not necessarily modern) continual (repeated, continuous (unending, not constant) unbroken sequence) cord (vocal) chord (musical) council (assembly) counsel (advice/adviser/advise) crescendo (build-up) climax (culmination) currently (now) presently (in a while) datum (singular) data (plural) defence defense (US noun) defuse (render harmless) diffuse (spread about) dependant (noun) dependent (adjective) depositary (person) depository (place) desert (dry place) dessert (pudding) discomfort (unease) discomfit (thwart) Spelling and sense Style Guide – Spelling and sense 2 discreet (circumspect) discrete (separate) disinterested (objective, uninterested (not unbiased) interested) disused (no longer used) unused (not yet used) divorcee (male and female) draftsman (of document) draughtsman (of drawing) driving licence (not driver’s licence) eerie (wierd) Erie (lake) eyrie (of eagles) effectively (with effect) in effect (essentially) emigrate (leave country) immigrate (arrive in country) enormity (great crime/outrage, not synonymous with large) enquire (ask) inquire (investigate) ensure (make sure) insure (take insurance) envelop (verb) envelope (noun) epicentre (point on Earth’s surface directly above focus of earthquake/underground explosion, not the centre or focus itself) especially (particularly) specially (for a special purpose) evangelical (fundamentalist evangelist (one who wing of Christianity) spreads the gospel) everyday (adjective: every day (noun/adverb) commonplace) execution (carrying out of death sentence by lawful authority, so a terrorist does not execute someone) expatriate (noun and verb) fair (just, etc) fare (price, etc) fatwa (edict, not necessarily a death sentence) faze (intimidate/overwhelm) phase (stage) fiance (male) fiancee (female) fibre fiber (US) fibre optic (noun) fibre-optic (adjective) flammable/inflammable non-flammable (will burn) (won’t burn) flaunt (make a display, flout (show contempt for e.g. of wealth) something) forbear (abstain) forebear (ancestor) for ever (for always) forever (continually) forgo (do without) forego (precede) fortuitous (by chance, not by good fortune) fulsome (disgusting by excess, so “fulsome praise” should not be used in a complimentary sense) functionality (how function (purpose) something functions) further (more advanced) farther (more distant) gambit (opening strategy, so “opening gambit” is tautologous) gorilla (ape) guerrilla (soldier) go slow (verb) go-slow (noun) grisly (gruesome) grizzly (bear) hard line/hardliner (noun) hardline (adjective) historic (memorable) historical (of history) hopefully (in a hopeful way, not “I hope”) imply (hint) infer (draw conclusion) impractical (possible impracticable (not workable, in theory only) plan that failed) inchoate (just beginning/undeveloped, not chaotic) independant (noun) independent (adjective) infinite (without limit, not very large) instinct (innate behaviour) intuition (insight) invariably (unchanging, not hardly ever changing) it’s (it is) its (possessive) jejune (naive, not necessarily young) judgement (non-legal) judgment (legal) kick off (verb) kick-off (noun) lager (beer) laager (South African encampment) led (past) lead (present) lens (singular) lenses (plural) licence (noun) license (verb/US noun) lie/lay/lain (intransitive) lay/laid/laid (transitive) (e.g. he lies on the bed) (e.g. she lays the table) loan (noun) lend (verb) loathe (detest) loth (unwilling) lock out (verb) lock-out (noun) lose (mislay) loose (untethered) mackintosh (coat) Macintosh (computer) masterful (imperious) masterly (skilful) methodology (study or system method (technique) of methods) metre meter (US) micrometer (measuring micrometre (micron) instrument) militate (influence) mitigate (lessen an offence) mixture (noun) mix (verb) naught (nothing) nought (zero) obtuse (mentally slow) abstruse (hard to understand) ordnance (maps) ordinance (direction/decree) over (e.g. overprotective) overly (US) pedaller (cyclist) pedlar (hawker) peddler (drug dealer) pendant (noun) pendent (adjective) peninsula (noun) peninsular (adjective) phenomenon (singular) phenomena (plural) Philippines (country) Philippine (adjective) Filipino (male) Filipinas (female) phosporus (noun) phosphorous (adjective) practice (noun) practise (verb) precede (go before) proceed (go on) premier (adjective: prime; premiere (first night) noun: chief) prescribe (order) proscribe (prohibit) prevaricate (speak/act falsely procrastinate (put with intent to deceive) something off) principal (main/head) principle (rule) print out (verb) print-out (noun) prise (force open) prize (verb: value/noun: award privy council privy counsellor prodigal (wasteful/extravagant, not returned wanderer) programme program (software/US) prophecy (noun) prophesy (verb) protege (male) protegee (female) radiographer (takes X-rays) radiologist (reads X-rays) raise (lift/increase) raze (demolish) repellant (noun) repellent (adjective) round (usually circular/ around (on every side/ cyclical, e.g. winter came scattered, e.g. around round, drinks all round, and about, all around sleep the clock round, us, looking around I ran round, turn round) you, standing around sex (male or female) gender (grammatical term) some time (at some time sometime (formerly) or other) stationary (still) stationery (paper, etc) subconscious (dimly unconscious (without conscious, imperfectly consciousness, aware) unaware) swath (to cut a...) swathe (baby clothes) swinging (e.g. pendulum) swingeing (huge, e.g. cuts) take off (verb) take-off (noun) tornado (storm) Tornado (aircraft) tortuous (e.g. winding torturous (e.g. painful road) experience turn over (verb) turnover (noun) usage (how something use (noun: employment/ is used) verb: employ) valence (as in valency) valance (as in bedclothes) verbal (of words, oral (of speech or written or spoken) the mouth) whisky (UK) whiskey (Irish/US) wipe out (verb) wipeout (noun) wrack (seeweed) rack (with pain) 5 Common spelling problems: abattoir aberration abscess absorbent absorption abysmal abyss accelerate accessible accommodate acknowledgment acquaintance acquiesce acquire address aficionado aggregate allege all right (not alright) allot(ted) Alzheimer’s disease ambassador amok (not amuck) anaesthetic analagous ancillary anemone annihilate Antarctic antimony appal appalling Arctic ascendancy ascendant asphalt asymmetry authoritative ballot banister balloted battalion befitted befitting benefited benefiting bias biased bigot bigoted Caesarean calendar cannot cappuccino Caribbean centring changeable chief choc-a-bloc circumference collinear coloration combating commemorate commitment committed committee competent condemn connection conscience conscious correspondence consensus correspondent defence defensible definite dependance descendant descent desiccation despoil despoliation deterrent diarrhoea diphtheria dirigible discernible discipline discolour discoloration dispensable disservice drunkenness embarrass enforceable enrol enrolment enrolling enthral enthralling environment exaggerate exhilarating existence expatriate extraordinary extravagant Fahrenheit fascist fascism feasible flak fine-tooth comb fluorescence fluoride fo‘c’sle focused focusing foetus forecast foreign forty friend fulfil fulfilled fulfilment gases gauge governor grammar granddaughter grandad great-grandfather guarantee handkerchief harass harassment harebrained hindrance humorist humorous humour hygiene hypocrisy idiosyncrasies illegible impinge impinging implement incorrigible innocuous inoculate indispensable install instalment instil instilled instilling irrelevant irreparable irresistible isosceles jeopardy jewellery jodhpurs keenness khaki kibosh kow-tow largesse laureate leisure 3 Style Guide – Spelling and sense liaison liquefy manoeuvre manoeuvring mantelpiece Massachusetts meteorology Mediterranean uploads/s3/ iop-style-guide.pdf