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ANNALES DE L’UNIVERSITÉ OMAR BONGO N° 12 Janvier 2005 LETTRES, LANGUES, SCIENCE

ANNALES DE L’UNIVERSITÉ OMAR BONGO N° 12 Janvier 2005 LETTRES, LANGUES, SCIENCES HUMAINES ET SOCIALES PRESSES UNIVERSITAIRES DU GABON ISBN : 2-912603-18-8 ISSN : 1815 – 3054 Annales de l’Université Omar Bongo n°12 DIRECTEUR DE PUBLICATION : JEAN EMILE MBOT COMITE SCIENTIFIQUE 1- Boussougou Jean Aimé (M.A., H.D.R.) 2- Barro Chambrier Alexandre, Maître de Conférences, agrégé 3- Ekomie Jean – Jacques, Maître de Conférences, agrégé 4- Copans Jean, Professeur Paris V 5- Kwenzi-Mikala Jérôme, Maître de Conférences 6- Mayer Raymond, Professeur 7- Mba Owono Charles, Maître de Conférences, agrégé 8- Mbot Jean Emile, Professeur 9- Mbuyi Mizeka Alfred, Professeur 10- Métégué N’Nah Nicolas, Maître de conférences 11- Mouckaga Hugues, Professeur titulaire 12- Nambo John Joseph, Maître de Conférences, agrégé 13- Ndoume Essingone Hervé, Maître de Conférences, agrégé 14- Ndombi Pierre, Professeur 15- Nzé Nguéma Fidèle Pierre, Professeur titulaire 16- Nzinzi Pierre, Professeur titulaire 17- Pierre Dasen, Professeur, Université de Genève 18- Ratanga Atoz Ange, Maître de Conférences 19- Ropivia Marc Louis, Professeur titulaire ANNALES DE L’UNIVERSITE OMAR BONGO COMITE DE LECTURE SERIE LETTRES ET LANGUES Akendengué Daniel René, Maître-assistant Sima Eyi Héméry-Hervais, Assistant Mouendou Blandine, Maître-assistant Ngou Mvé Nicolas, Maître-assistant Nzondo Léonard, Maître-assistant Renombo Steeve, Assistant Tchalou Pierrette, Maître-assistant Tolofon André, Maître-assistant Secrétariat d’édition Bernardin Minko Mvé Mise en page Brigitte Meyo et Laetitia Lishou Coordination technique Hugues Gatien Matsahanga Presses Universitaires du Gabon Université Omar Bongo B.P.13131 – Libreville (Gabon) Tél : (241) 73 01 42 - Fax : (241) 73 20 45 E-mail : pug@refer.ga Annales de l’Université Omar Bongo COMITE DE LECTURE SERIE SCIENCES HUMAINES ET SOCIALES 1- Bignoumba Guy-Serge, Maître-assistant 2- Boussougou Jean-Aimé, Maître-assistant (HDR) 3- Djèki Jules, Maître-assistant 4- Ekogha Thierry, Maître-assistant 5- Kombila née Manon Levesque, Maître-assistant 6- Koumba Théodore, Maître-assistant 7- Kwenzi-Mikala Jérôme, Maître de conférences 8- Locko Michel, Professeur 9- Mayer Raymond, Professeur 10- Mickala Roger, Maître-Assistant 11- Minko Mvé Bernardin, Maître-Assistant 12- Mohangue Placide, Maître-Assistant 13- Mombo Jean-Berrnard, Maître-assistant 14- Nzinzi Pierre, Professeur titulaire 15- Ondo Mebiame Pierre, Maître-assistant 16- Owaye Jean-François, Maître-assistant 17- Soumaho Mesmin Noël, Maître-assistant 18- Tonda Joseph, Professeur 19- Zué Nguéma Gilbert, Maître-assistant SOMMAIRE AKENDENGUE Daniel : Narration dysfunctioning and its meaning in “the sisters” by James Joyce…………………………………………………...7 DJEKI Jules : Démocratisation et urbanisation en Afrique subsaharienne. Quelques éléments d’analyse……………………………….……..15 NGUEMA Rano-Michel : Développement de la ville, découpage et appropriation des territoires urbains au Gabon : le cas de Libreville………………………......54 MBONDOBARI Sylvère : Ecriture et peinture de l’immédiateté : le pouvoir postcolonial dans le chemin de la mémoire d’Okoumba-Nkoghe…………….…82 NGUEMA ONDO Jean Léonard : Le roman gabonais des origines à nos jours (2005) ……………………..……………………………………….…...103 MEDJO MVE Pither : La dynamique des langues dans les marchés de Libreville……………………………...………………………………………….……124 RENOMBO OGULA Steeve : Discours littéraire et reconfiguration utopique de l’Afrique dans Parole de vivant, de Moussirou- Mouyama……………………………………………………………………………..149 ZOMO YEBE Gabriel : Les problèmes de l’agro-industrie gabonaise : inefficience technique ou inefficience allocative ?...........................................173 ONDO MEBIAME Pierre : La catégorie grammaticale de nom en fà-mәk….198 MANOKOU Lucien : Contribution africaine aux opérations de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies (1960-2000)…………………….……...223 MEYO-NKOGHE Dieudonné : Le Gabon à l’horizon 2005 : quelle succession à l’actuel régime ?…………...… ………………………………….....246 MINKO MVE Bernardin : Structures, traditions gabonaises et post-modernité …………………………………………………………….....267 N’DIMINA-MOUGALA Antoine-Denis : L’apport économique du Gabon à la France lors du second conflitMondial : 1939-1946………………………..302 NYANGONE OBIANG NKOGHE Stéphanie : Les nègresses face aux négriers…………………………………………………………...............…..322 OKOME-BEKA Véronique Solange : Cuba, modèle de développement pour le Gabon ?...............................................................................................334 TABLE DES MATIERES……………………………………………………….370 Annales de l’Université Omar BONGO, n° 12, 2006, pp. 7-14 NARRATION DYSFUNCTIONING AND ITS MEANING IN « THE SISTERS » BY JAMES JOYCE Daniel René AKENDENGUE Département d’Anglais Université Omar Bongo Résumé Le but de cet article est de mettre en évidence un problème narratif qui gène la lecture aisée de The Sisters. Il tente de montrer que ce dysfonctionnement cache en fait l’intention réelle de l’auteur qui va se servir du discours incohérent d’un narrateur enfant, de sa conduite peu recommandable et de la présence du scripteur, pour mener le lecteur à se poser des questions sur le texte, à tenter d’y répondre, et par conséquent à l’interpréter. Mots clés James Joyce, dysfonctionnement, nouvelle, narration, interprétation. Abstract The aim of this article is to highlight a narrative problem which hampers the easy reading of The Sisters. It attempts to show that, in fact, this dysfunctioning hides the real intention of the author who is going to use the incoherent discourse of a child-narrator, his careless behaviour and the presence of a scriptor, to lead the reader to ask himself questions about the text, to try to answer them, and to interpret it consequently. Key-words James Joyce, dysfunctioning, short story, narration, interpretation. Scientific interest of the article The present article is an attempt at textual analysis. Its scientific interest lies in its contribution to the different readings of James Joyce’s short story. Narration dysfunctioning and its meaning in « The sisters » by James JOYCE 8 Introduction In Figures III, Gérard Genette tries to give the quintessence of narration by stating: « La narration est l’acte narratif producteur et, par extension, l’ensemble de la situation réelle ou fictive dans laquelle il prend place » (p. 72). This can be easily reviewed in James Joyce’s short story entitled The Sisters. It is the story of a priest’s death and the feeling of a child (the narrator) in relation to that death. The Sisters makes two problems stand out. The first one is about the instance that is responsible for the narration, namely the narrator. The second problem is related to the instance that is responsible for the text, we mean the scriptor. These are the issues that we are going to bend over. In the text, there are two levels which are in connection, and which have been deliberately put by the scriptor. The first is the surface level which concerns the manifest confusion in the narrator’s mind, his insouciance and thoughtlessness before the death of his friend, Reverend James Flynn. The deep level of the story is the second one that betrays the message that the author wants to launch, and that is carried by the words of the text, and shown through the discourse of the storyteller. Prima facie, coming to the surface level, The Sisters is the story of the death by paralysis of a priest called Rev. James Flynn. It mainly puts on stage the narrator who was the departed Reverend’s friend, the narrator’s aunt and two sisters. In front of us, there is the narrator who tells a story at the first level. We call him an extradiegetic narrator, telling a story in which he has been mingled. Consequently, we will say that he is homodiegetic. In fine, The Sisters presents us with an extra- homodiegetic narrator. When reading The Sisters, we are dissatisfied with the narrator’s discourse which is incoherent and inaccurate. Above all, we feel that the narrator casts a veil of secrecy over something. Stemming from that dissatisfaction, our study will be especially focused on the narrator and his discourse. James Joyce’s short story emphasises the character of the narrator as a child through the speeches of the dramatis personae of the Daniel René AKENDENGUE 9 diegesis that lead one to reach that conclusion. On page 8 for example, Old Cotter says: « I wouldn’t like children of mine (...) to have too much to say to a man like that ». Further down, he adds: « What I mean is (...) it is bad for children. My idea is: let a lad run (...) » (p. 8). The narrator of The Sisters is not trustworthy over a number of pages. Often, he makes statements on assumptions. For instance, in relation to the probable death of the Reverend, the narrator states: If he was dead, I thought, I would see the reflection of candles on the darkned blind, for I knew that two candles must be set at the head of a corpse.(p.7) The narrator is never sure of what he says. Again on page 15, he uses the verb « to seem » as well as the adverbial phrase « as if » : Nannie had leaned her head against the sofa-pillow and seemed about to fall asleep. She stopped, as if she were communing with the past... The narrator does not seem to remember details very well, like the dream that he tries to tell, as seen on page 12: « ... in Persia, I thought... But I could not remember the end of the dream ». The narrator’s incoherent and inaccurate discourse leaves one doubtful about his utterance. Obviously, age just like many other reasons, accounts for the child’s speech. At the end, everything is made conspicious by the text itself. The narrator is aware that he is not afflicted by the Reverend’s death. On page 11 for instance, he tells us: I found it strange that neither I nor the day seemed in a mourning mood and I felt even annoyed at discovering in myself a sensation of freedom as if uploads/Litterature/ annales-uob-12.pdf