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Ministère de l’Education Nationale L’Université Valahia Târgovişte Faculté de S

Ministère de l’Education Nationale L’Université Valahia Târgovişte Faculté de Sciences Humaines D’UNIVERSITÉ VALAHIA TARGOVISTE SECTION d’Archéologie et d’Histoire TOME XX 2018 Valahia University Press Târgovişte Annales d’Université Valahia Targoviste Section d’Archéologie et d’Histoire publie des mémoires originaux, des nouvelles et des comptes-rendus dans le domaine de l’archéologie préhistorique, de l’histoire du moyen âge, de l’environnement de l’homme fossile, de l’archéologie interdisciplinaire et de patrimoine culturel. Rédacteur en chef: prof. univ. dr. Marin Cârciumaru Rédacteur en chef adjoint: C.S.II dr. Elena-Cristina Niţu Secrétariat de rédaction: prof. univ. dr. Ioan Opriş, dr. Denis Căprăroiu, dr. Radu Cârciumaru, dr. Monica Mărgărit, dr. Marian Cosac, dr. Roxana Dobrescu, dr. Ovidiu Cîrstina, dr. Daniela Iamandi, dr. Adina Elena Boroneanţ. Comité de rédaction: prof. dr. Eric Boëda, prof. Marcel Otte, prof. dr. Răzvan Theodorescu, prof. dr. Victor Spinei, prof. dr. Sabin Adrian Luca, prof. dr. Gheorghe Lazarovici, prof. dr. Carol Căpiță, dr Marylène Patou-Mathis, dr Marie-Hélène Moncel, dr. Cristian Schuster, dr. Dragomir Nicolae Popovici, dr. Adrian Bălăşescu. Correspondants: prof. Jacques Jaubert, prof. Jean-Philippe Rigaud, prof. Árpád Ringer, prof. Alain Tuffreau, dr. Aline Averbouh, dr. Nejma Goutas, dr. Alain Turq, prof. Ivor Jancovič, prof. Ivor Karavanič, dr. Eugen Nicolae, dr. Emilian Alexandrescu, dr. Sergiu Iosipescu Technorédacteur: drd. Remus Constantin Dumitru Dincă Revue indexée B+ par CNCSIS et B par CNCS - Roumanie Indexée dans: SCIMAGO Journal and Country Rank, AWOL, FRANTIQ ISSN: 1584-1855; ISSN (online): 2285–3669 Tout ce qui concerne la Rédaction des Annales d’Université Valahia Targoviste Section d’Archéologie et d’Histoire doit être envoyé à: mcarciumaru@yahoo.com, www.annalesfsu.ro Sommaire ARTICLES ET ÉTUDES CONSTANTIN HAITĂ, THE MICROMORPHOLOGY OF THE GRAVETTIAN OCCUPATION SEQUENCE FROM POIANA CIREŞULUI (PIATRA NEAMŢ, ROMANIA)……………………………………...7 ELENA-CRISTINA NIȚU, MIHAI MATEI, DANIEL-DUMITRU POPA, MARIN CÂRCIUMARU, MARIAN LEU, OVIDIU CÎRSTINA, FLORIN IONUȚ LUPU, ADRIAN NICOLAE, TECHNICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE FIRST PALAEOLITHIC SURFACE COLLECTION FROM IZVORUL ALB (BICAZ, ROMANIA)............................................................................................................................................................................17 SABIN ADRIAN LUCA, TWO STATUETTES DISCOVERED AT TĂRTĂRIA-GURA LUNCII IN THE CAMPAIGN OF PREVENTIVE RESEARCHES FORM 2014-2015. "THE GODDESS WITH THE SNAKE" AND "JANUS"……………………………………………………………………………………………………………29 DMITRIY BROVKO, ALEXANDER MEZENTSEV, ALEXANDER KIM, THE SPECIFICS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX OF THE SITE OF KROUNOVKA – 23………………………………………..43 FIRAS ALAWNEH, ABDEL RAHMAN ELSEROGY, RITA SULAIMAN AL DAWOOD, THE CONSERVATION OF THE BYZANTINE ICON FROM GEORGIOS CHURCH, JORDAN…………………53 MINODORA CÂRCIUMARU, RADU CÂRCIUMARU, TÂRGOVIȘTE AND THE METAMORPHOSES BROUGHT BY ITS DECLINE AT THE END OF THE MEDIAEVAL AGE AND THE BEGINNING OF MODERN TIMES …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...71 MARIUS PADURARU, NEAGOE SACUIANU, UN GRAND DIGNITAIRE DE DAMBOVITA DE LA DEUXIEME MOITIE DU XVIIE SIECLE. REPÈRES GÉNÉALOGIQUES ET CURSUS HONORUM …..81 NOTES ET DISCUSSIONS CLAUDIU NEAGOE, MERCHANTS AND CRAFTSMEN IN TÂRGOVIŞTE (16TH-17TH CENTURIES)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...91 IULIAN ONCESCU, TOWARDS THE END OF THE ROMANIAN MIDDLE AGES: THE INSTAURATION OF THE PHANARIOTE REGIME IN MOLDAVIA AND WALLACHIA (1711/1716).......................................................................................................................................................................97 Annales d’Université Valahia Targoviste, Section d’Archéologie et d’Histoire, Tome XX, 2018, p. 17-27 ISSN: 1584-1855; ISSN (online): 2285–3669 Technical observations on the first Palaeolithic surface collection from Izvorul Alb (Bicaz, Romania) Elena-Cristina Nițu1, Mihai Matei2, Daniel-Dumitru Popa3, Marin Cârciumaru1,4, Marian Leu1, Ovidiu Cîrstina1, Florin Ionuț Lupu1, Adrian Nicolae1 1“Princely Court” National Museum Târgovişte, Museum of Human Evolution and Technology in Paleolithic, Justiţiei Street, Târgovişte, Dâmboviţa County, Romania; email: elenacristinanitu@yahoo.com. 2 Stejaru village, Pângărați commune, Neamț County, Romania. 3Piatra Neamț city, Neamț County, Romania. 4 Valahia University of Târgovişte, Doctoral School, Lt. Stancu Ion Street, Târgovişte, Dâmboviţa County, Romania. Abstract. Among the many Palaeolithic discoveries in the Bistriţei Valley, an impressive collection of lithic materials (almost 3,000 pieces) have been collected, over the years, from Izvorul Alb-Bicaz (north-eastern Romania). Most of the items come from surface recoveries and at this moment no site has been accurately located. We present an analysis of the first collection of lithic materials found at Izvorul Alb in 1977 and 1978, recovered from two distinct places, Baicu and Piciorul Gol. Our observations point to several differences between the items collected in the two places. Generally, some of the items come from a late Palaeolithic level, Epigravettian or even Epipalaeolithic, and the rest of lithic materials may belong to Gravettian traditions sensu lato. Key words: Upper Palaeolithic, surface collection, lithic materials, Izvorul Alb-Bicaz, north-eastern Romania. Introduction The Bistrița valley is the area with the largest density of Palaeolithic sites in Romania (over 20 settlements) and with great archaeological potential. Except for Poiana Cireșului, which has been systematically researched ever since 1998 (Cârciumaru et al., 2006, 2007-2008, 2010) and is currently the most representative Palaeolithic site in the Bistrița valley, all the other settlements have been unevenly investigated over time. In fact, it is the only settlement which has a coherent chronology and where most of the art objects from the Palaeolithic in Romania have been found (Cârciumaru et al. 2018, Cârciumaru, Nițu, 2018). The importance of finds has been emphasized in several recent studies, for it is as yet the only site that has substantially contributed to the description of the Upper Palaeolithic in this area, particularly through the evidence regarding the origin and evolution of the Gravettian in the Eastern Carpathians (Nițu et al., 2019). Most of the sites, located in the Ceahlău basin, were investigated during the 1960 rescue excavations, when extensive arrangements works of Izvorul Muntelui Dam were undertaken (Nicolăescu-Plopșor et al., 1966; Păunescu 1998). They were not continued later and only brief surveys have been conducted lately (Cârciumaru et al., 2010; Steguweit et al. 2009), but without providing convincing results. Furthermore, recent excavations at Buda and Lespezi, two settlements located in the lower course of the Bistrița valley, have been carried out on a very small scale 17 Elena-Cristina Nițu, Mihai Matei, Daniel-Dumitru Popa, Marin Cârciumaru, Marian Leu, Ovidiu Cîrstina, Florin Ionuț Lupu, Adrian Nicolae Tome XX, 2018 Fig. 1 – Izvorul Alb settlement location (A), the places where the materials were collected (B) and the geomorphology of the Bistriţa Valley in the Izvorul Alb area (C). 18 Technical observations on the first Palaeolithic surface collection from Izvorul Alb (Bicaz, Romania) Tome XX, 2018 (Tufreau et al., 2018). Therefore, investigations have not been resumed in a significant number of sites found a long time ago. Among these, Izvorul Alb-Bicaz is a special case because, at this moment, no site has been accurately located although, over the years, an impressive number of lithic materials (almost 3,000 items) have been collected here. Published articles mention two distinct places, Baicu and Piciorul Gol, situated on the left and right bank of the Izvorul Alb river, at its confluence with the Bistrița valley (Fig. 1). Most of the items come from surface recoveries, an insignificant portion being found in a few surveys conducted between 1979 and 1982 (F. Mogoșanu, M. Matei, 1981, 1983). As part of our project on the analysis of Palaeolithic sites in the Bistrița valley, a few short field investigations were made at Izvorul Alb, as well as a brief assessment of materials deposited at the Bicaz History Museum and the Piatra Neamț Museum of Natural Sciences. On this occasion, we noticed that the lithic assemblage, though collected from the surface, has some coherence (for example, a partial refitting was made from materials gathered at Baicu, stored at the Bicaz museum). For these reasons, we will present an analysis of the first collection of lithic materials found at Izvorul Alb by one of the authors of this article, Mihai Matei, who actually took part in the investigations carried out in 1979-1982. According to the markings on the items, the materials were found in 1977 and 1978, hence before the onset of investigations coordinated by F. Mogoșanu. This collection was not included in previously published articles (F. Mogoșanu, M. Matei, 1981, 1983; A. Păunescu, 1998). The study is a first stage of research that is to be conducted at Izvorul Alb in the next phase. It will involve the analysis of all materials discovered over time and identification of areas with coherent stratigraphy and in-situ materials. A short geomorphological characterization of the Bistrița valley in the Izvorul Alb sector Izvorul Alb is a locality which is part of the town of Bicaz and is located on the right side of the Bistrița valley, in the Eastern Carpathians flysch zone (Fig. 1/A, B), characterized by numerous overthrust lines and the significant occurrence of the arenaceous conglomerate, the Hangu layers etc. (I. Ichim et al., 1987). The presence of shale triggered intense landslides (Fig. 1/C). There is a great variety of landslide types, from isolated landslides along a torrential valley, landslides on large areas, displacements of packages of layers, which sometimes entailed the formation of deluvio-colluvial subsidence on terrace tread. The largest landslides and degradations occurred on the southern slopes due to more extensive deforestations (L. Badea, Gh. Popa, 1961), as happens on the slopes of the Izvorul Alb brook. Even recent landslides, influenced by the emergence of the storage basin, have been described; they have occurred mainly on the right versant of the brook in the form of mass displacements which have caused the sealing of the valley in its middle third (C. Brânduș et al., 2006). The first important particular feature of the Bistrița valley is the alternation of sectors where the valley widens, uploads/Litterature/ nitu-et-al-2018-technical-observations-on-the-first-palaeolithic-surface-collection-from-izvorul-alb.pdf