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Parenthetical verbs: hypotaxis, parataxis or parenthesis? Les verbes parenthéti

Parenthetical verbs: hypotaxis, parataxis or parenthesis? Les verbes parenthétiques Les verbes parenthétiques Les verbes parenthétiques Les verbes parenthétiques : : : : hypotaxe, parataxe ou parenthèse ? hypotaxe, parataxe ou parenthèse ? hypotaxe, parataxe ou parenthèse ? hypotaxe, parataxe ou parenthèse ? 24 – 26 Mai 2012 Salle des Conférences, Bât. B Université Paris Ouest – Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre, France Organisé par : Mathieu Avanzi (U. Neuchâtel), Julie Glikman (CNRS Lattice-Modyco), Sophie de Pontonx (CNRS Modyco), Stefan Schneider (U. Graz) http://sites.google.com/site/parenthetiques2012/ parenthetiques12@gmail.com 2 3 Table des résumés (par ordre alphabétique) Abalada, Silvana, Vera Cabarrão, Aida Cardoso (Universidade de Lisboa) Prosodic Effects of Syntactic Distribution in Vocatives in European Portuguese 5 Barraza Carbajal, Georgina (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) Loss of subordination and generation of parentheticals in Spanish 7 Boeg Thomsen, Ditte (University of Copenhagen) Complementation and modification: Acquiring an ambiguous construction 10 Bolly, Catherine (F.R.S.-FNRS & Université catholique de Louvain) Phraséologie, grammaticalisation et constructions. Du divorce au mariage de trois cadres théoriques dynamiques 12 Brinton, Laurel (University of British Columbia, Vancouver) If you choose/like/prefer/want (to)/wish: The origin of metalinguistic and polite functions 14 Coltier Danielle, Dendale Patrick (Université du Mans et Celted Metz & Université d'Anvers) Dis-tu : parenthétique ou incise ? 16 Dehé Nicole (Universität Konstanz) The prosody of comment clauses and reporting verbs (and what it may tell us about their syntax and meaning) 19 Döring, Sandra (Universität Leipzig) Syntax and prosody of (German) parentheticals 20 Faya Cerqueiro, Fatima (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha) The evolution of parenthetical courtesy markers in requests in the Late Modern English period 22 Fuentes Rodríguez, Catalina (Universidad de Sevilla) Relations syntaxiques dans le discours : parenthèse, fonction périphérique ou parataxe ? 24 Gachet Frédéric (Université de Fribourg, Suisse) Remarques sur la « tradition » des verbes parenthétiques 26 Griffiths, James (Centre for Language and Cognition, Groningen) Remarks on alleged subject-oriented parenthetical constructions 28 Güneş, Güliz (Groningen University) Prosodic Integration and Parenthesis: A Case Study in Turkish 30 Hanote, Sylvie (FoReLL A (EA3816), Université de Poitiers, MSHS Poitiers) Parenthèses et incidentes : le cas du discours rapporté et de son introduction dans le récit en anglais oral contemporain 4 32 Haßler, Gerda (Universität Potsdam) Étude comparée de l’usage parenthétique des verbes épistémiques dans les langues romanes 35 Hedberg, Nancy, Noureddine Elouazizi (Simon Fraser University, Canada) Epistemic Parenthetical Verbs and Association with Focus 37 Kakoyianni Doa Fryni (Université de Chypre) Constructions parenthétiques françaises et grecques : adverbiaux cooccurrents à je crois et je pense 39 Kanaan, Layal (Laboratoire Ligérien de Linguistique (LLL) - Université d'Orléans) Jæʕne : un verbe parenthétique à la troisième personne ? 41 Keevallik, Leelo (Uppsala and Linköping University) Parentheticals in conversational topic initiation 43 Kluck, Marlies, Mark de Vries (University of Groningen) On V2, gaps, and operators in comment and reporting parentheticals 45 Mazziotta, Nicolas (Universität Stuttgart & Université de Liège) Incises « pléonastiques » dans la Queste del saint Graal 48 Montchaud, Pascal (Université de Neuchâtel) Recteurs faibles, mitigation & discours rapporté 51 Frederick J. Newmeyer (University of Washington, University of British Columbia, and Simon Fraser University) Parentheticals, ‘fragments’, and the grammar of complementation 52 Perrin, Laurent (Université Paul Verlaine, Metz, Celted) Propriétés énonciatives des parenthétiques à visée polyphonique 53 Risler, Annie (UMR 8163 STL, CNRS -Université Lille Nord de France) Peut-on parler de verbes parenthétiques dans une langue signée ? 55 Schneider, Stefan (Karl-Franzenzs-Universität Graz) L'origine et le développement des verbes parenthétiques français 57 Van Bogaert, Julie (Research Foundation Flanders / Ghent University) (‘t) Schijnt (‘it seems’) as an evidential parenthetical in colloquial Belgian Dutch? 59 Van Raemdonck Dan (Université Libre de Bruxelles) “On l’a jugé ‘recteur faible’ un peu vite, je trouve” Le cas des pré-dicteurs juger et trouver 61 Liste des membres des comités d’organisation et scientifique 63 5 Prosodic Effects of Syntactic Distribution in Vocatives in European Portuguese Silvana Abalada, Vera Cabarrão & Aida Cardoso Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa silvanaabalada@gmail.com, veracabarrao@gmail.com, aidacard@gmail.com In this paper, we discuss the prosodic effects of syntactic distribution (initial, medial, and final) in vocatives in European Portuguese (EP), by analyzing the prosodic phrasing and intonation contours of these elements. The main goal of this study is to show that there are prosodic differences according to the syntactic distribution of vocatives, allowing us to draw a distinction between initial and non-initial elements, as argued by Astruc (2005), Astruc‐Aguilera & Nolan (2007), and Prieto (2002), for Catalan and British English. According to different theoretical approaches, vocatives have been grouped with other elements (e.g., appositions, comment clauses, dislocated elements, and question tags). Furthermore, different theoretical approaches led to different designations for these elements: “parentheticals” (Dehé & Kavalova, 2007; Dehé, 2009), “extra-sentential elements” (Astruc, 2005; Astruc‐Aguilera & Nolan, 2007), and “peripheral elements” (Prieto, 2002). Regardless of the adopted theoretical approach and terminology, we can describe this kind of elements as a group of heterogeneous expressions that vary in syntactic category and function, as well as in length and complexity. Additionally, many studies have stressed the importance of taking into account the interfaces between prosody/syntax and prosody/discourse in the analysis of the behavior of such elements. In order to find out if there are prosodic differences according to the syntactic distribution of vocatives, we designed a corpus with 108 sentences (54 target-sentences and 54 distractors). In the construction of the target-sentences, we considered (i) the three distributional patterns, (ii) the number of syllables of the sentence and the vocative, and (iii) the stressed syllable of the vocative. The corpus was recorded by two female informants, native speakers of standard EP, who read the set of 108 sentences twice. Then, we annotated the pitch accents, boundary tones, and break indices of all the vocatives, following the Towards a P_ToBI (Viana et alii, 2007) conventions. Firstly, and observing the results, we can make a general distinction based on the presence of high pitch accents (H*) in initial vocatives and of low pitch accents (L*) in final vocatives. Regarding the initial vocative, we can compare its behavior with the one described for the isolated vocative (Prieto, 2002; Frota, in press): (i) by the presence of the intonation contours associated with vocative chant (greeting) – (L+)H* !H% – and low vocative chant (insisting call) – (L+)H* L%; (ii) by the possible split up of the nuclear syllable of the vocative when there is no post-tonic syllable; (iii) by the tendency of the initial vocative to form an independent intonational phrase; and (iv) by the fact that the initial vocative is the only one that forms a major intonational phrase. On the other hand, we can state that the medial vocative registers rising pitch accents, normally associated with interpolated constituents and suggesting continuity. Similarly to what Wichmann (2000) found in British English, we also register high and low pitch accents, comparing to the intonation contours of the sentence. Additionally, we register a 6 higher number of break indices 3 and 4 on the left than on the right boundary of medial vocatives. This allows us to say that: (i) medial vocatives tend to be associated to the material that occurs at the end of the sentence; and (ii) medial vocatives show a similar behavior to final vocatives, regarding the strength of the boundary between the vocatives and the sentence. Lastly, and similarly to what has been stated about other final elements, we can say that the behavior of the final vocatives is characterized by the predominance of falling and low pitch accents and by the fact that they mostly don’t show a tendency to form an independent intonational phrase. Therefore, we can argue that there are, in fact, prosodic differences related to the syntactic distribution of vocatives in EP. Furthermore, non-initial vocatives have a similar prosodic behavior, contrasting with what can be found in initial vocatives, which, in their turn, reveal some of the characteristics that can be found in the isolated vocative. Nevertheless, and despite the differences, the formation of an independent intonational phrase is not obligatory. This fact points out that prosodic structure can be influenced by many other variables besides the syntactic structure. Thus, we can state that there is not isomorphism between prosody and syntax. References Astruc, L. (2005) “The form and function of extra‐sentential elements”. In F. Chalcraft & E. Sipetzis (eds.) Cambridge Occasional Papers in Linguistic 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Astruc‐Aguilera, L. & F. Nolan (2007) “Variation in the intonation of extra‐sentential elements”. In P. Prieto et alii (eds.) Segmental and prosodic issues in Romance phonology. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Boersma P. & D. Weenink (2009) Praat: doing phonetics by computer. In http://www.praat.org/. Dehé, N. & Y. Kavalova (2007) “Parentheticals: An introduction”. In N. Dehé & Y. Kavalova (eds.) Parentheticals. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Dehé, N. (2009) “Clausal parentheticals, intonational phrasing, and prosodic theory”. Journal of Linguistics 45 (3). Frota, S. (in press) “The intonational phonology of European Portuguese”. In S. Jun (ed.) Prosodic Typology II: The Phonology and Intonation of Phrasing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Prieto, P. (2002) “Entonació”. In J. Sòla et alii (eds.) Gramàtica del Català Contemporani. Barcelona: Editoria uploads/Litterature/ relations-syntaxiques-dans-le-discours-p.pdf