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Understand your Alphabet The Introduction of a Number of Eurasian Alphabets Joa

Understand your Alphabet The Introduction of a Number of Eurasian Alphabets Joannes Richter Page 1-71 Fig. 1 “Words, which hit the Target as Feathered Arrows” Source: Champfleury (1529), Geoffroy Tory Abstract For all of us the introduction of a new alphabet must be a mind-blowing experience, which also may be accompanied with an improved historical memory and an expanding awareness. Nevertheless most introductions of an alphabet belong to the legendary chapters of linguistics as the historical details will have to wait until the historians have learned to write and fill the records. The human language makes an extensive use of five independent communication channels (lingual, palatal, guttural, labial, dental), in which theoretically each channel in an optimized encoding system is equipped with ternary signals (with three symbols). Therefore a sophisticated, efficient language is equipped with a ternary code system with 15 letter-symbols, as may be seen in the signary of the Staveless runes. This essay describes a imaginary transfer of the architecture of alphabets (Egyptian hieroglyphs, Ancient Greek, Elder Futhark and Ogham) by the inventors or importers Thoth, Cadmus, (G) Wodan and Ogmios1. This report concentrates on the legendary handful of five soldiers, each of who arose from the tooth of a dragon to build the Hellenic city of Thebes, but also symbolizes the five independent communication channels of our voice. These five points of articulation, which may be identified in each human body, ultimately leads us to the inheritance of the Germanic gods WIT(AS) (“wisdom”) ↔ TIW(AS) (“justice”) from the Greek METIS (“wisdom”) ↔ ΘEMIS (“justice”) and also to the foundation of the Frankish royalty, which is based on the five-horned Quinotaur2 as a symbolic forefather for the pedigree of CLOVIS I up to LOUIS XIX. 1 Ogmios was recorded by Lucian, a satirical writer in 2nd-century Samosata in his Hercules. He is described as resembling an older, more tanned version of Heracles, the Greek hero of strength. Ogmios and Heracles both wear lion skins and carry a bow and club in their hands. However Ogmios is depicted with long chains through his smiling mouth that pierce his tongue and attached to the ears of a group of men that willingly and happily follow him.[1] [2] [3] 2 Fredegar (c. 650). "Chronicarum quae dicuntur Fredegarii scholastici libri IV cum continuationibus". In Krusch, Bruno (ed.). Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum. Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Vol. 2. Hannover: Hahn (published 1888). p. 95. Retrieved January 13, 2022. bistea Neptuni Quinotauri similis eam. Page 2-71 Introduction For all of us the introduction of a new alphabet must be a mind-blowing experience, which also may be accompanied with an improved historical memory and an expanding awareness. Nevertheless most introductions of an alphabet belong to the legendary chapters of linguistics as the historical details will have to wait until the historians have learned to write and fill the records. In my professional study for Master of Science in Electrical Engineering studied Communication Systems. Since 1990 I studied the historic evolution of the linguistic systems as a hobby. The five communication channels in the alphabets Technicians may ask themselves how an alphabet with 24 letters may be efficient, if according to the communication theory requires an optimal communication channel requires a ternary coded signal (with 3 basic symbols). In retrospect I understood the human language had to be evolved to a system of five independent communication-channels, in which a few sets of muscles control the vocal tract. Although the control of the sets of muscles is complex the wise inventors assigned the five communication channels to easily recognizable parts of the body, such as the tongue, the palate, the throat, the lips and the teeth. In this essay the 5 communication channels are highlighted by five colors (lingual, palatal, guttural, labial, dental). In an optimized, successful language each channel should be assigned to a set of approximately three status-symbols. The optimal numbers of symbols / channel is e ~ 2.718283, which in digital units usually is rounded to 3. An optimized code-system with 3 states is named a ternary system4. In the early days of computing the ternary_computer and ternary logic (e.g. three symbols: 0, 1 and -1) had been designed to optimized some of the designs. One of the first computers was the wooden mechanical calculator, which had been designed in 1840 by Thomas Fowler (*1777 -†1843), who chose a balanced ternary coding system for this computer [4] [5] [3]. In electronics the ternary systems only played a minor role and often had been replaced by the binary systems. In linguistics the ternary system however followed the optimizing evolution, which sometimes reached nature's optimum of 15-16 letters. The heroes and rivers named Lúkos One category of the most important words may be the names for the water sources: the names for the rivers and sources of fresh sweet water. Apart from the numerous rivers LÚKOS we may also expect pentagrams for the four rivers around the Paradise of Eden: the rivers MEZIN, FIRAT, PISON and PASIN. The capital for the Paradise was Eridu (ERIDU), at the mouth of the 4 rivers Tigris, Euphrates, Pis(h)on and Gihon. The city Eridu and the four rivers seem to be honored with names as the following pentagrams: MEZIN, FIRAT, PISON, PASIN and ERIDU). ERIDU was the most southern of the Sumerian cities with temples, which used to be built in eye-contact distances.5 Of course these names may have been chosen before the introduction of the Greek alphabet. 3 The number “e”, also known as Euler's number, is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828 4 In telecommunication, a ternary signal is a signal that can assume, at any given instant, one of three states or significant conditions, such as power level, phase position, pulse duration, or frequency. (Source: Ternary_signal) 5 The (5) Paradises, their Cities and their Rivers Page 3-71 The Egyptian alphabet Spelling the initial symbols of the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics the name ḏḥwtj may be interpreted as a pentagram ḎḤWTJ ("[He] is like the Ibis"). Thoth (/θoʊθ, toʊt/; from Koinē Greek: Θώθ Thṓth, borrowed from Coptic: ⲐⲱⲟⲩⲧThōout, Egyptian: Ḏḥwtj, the reflex of ḏḥwtj "[He] is like the Ibis") is an ancient Egyptian deity. In art, he was often depicted as a man with the head of an ibis or a baboon, animals sacred to him. His feminine counterpart was Seshat, and his wife was Ma'at.[1] He was the god of the moon, wisdom, writing, hieroglyphs, science, magic, art, and judgment. His Greek equivalent is Hermes6. The importers of alphabets The idea of standardizing alphabets seemed to have been distributed along the trading routes, which are used to trade materials, but also sophisticated ideas and religions. In a few cases the names of the legendary “inventors” of “transporters” are known in the legends: 1. Thoth (or Djehoety) for the scripture of Egypt, 2. Cadmus at the introduction of the Greek alphabet, 3. Darius I at the introduction of the Old-Persian alphabet, 4. “(G)Wōdin” in the Elder Futhark runes7 5. and (probably) Ogmios8 (dressed as Heracles) at the introduction of the Ogham_(alfabet). Of course there may be numerous earlier signaries, which were composed in the Asian countries. Only the most successful introductions of alphabets survive in the competition in the “survival of the fittest” and from these successful attempts only the most successful historians may have mentioned how the alphabets had to be used and who invented the rules. In neighboring languages the points of articulation may deviate from language to language. Additional alphabets, in which the letters are based on the dedicated points of articulation, are: • The Sanskrit alphabet • The Old-Persian alphabet. 6 Thoth 7 Odin may be spelled in Old English as Wōden, in Old Saxon as Uuôden, in Old Dutch as Wuodan, in Old Frisian as Wêda, and in Old High German as Wuotan, Source in Wikipedia: Odin 8 In dem von der University of Wales erstellten Lexikon der protokeltischen Sprache wird der Name von *Ogmjos hergeleitet, einem Wort, das mit dem Begriff Ackerfurche verwandt ist und übertragend auch der Beeindruckende – zum Beispiel durch Beredsamkeit, Wissen oder Führungsstärke – bedeuten kann. Die übliche Etymologie, die auf Lukian zurückgeht, bezieht sich auf die altgriechischen Wörter ogmos (Ackerfurche) und agô (Führung). Page 4-71 Early traces of the 2-dimensional arrays The following concepts guided me to develop a genuine 2-dimensional pattern with 5 letters, which matched the most relevant standard divine names of the sky-god. Also the name of the inventor Darius seemed to have composed his name DĀRIUŠ from the most relevant 5 standard categories (D,Y,A,U,S) and one extra letter R or Š. The sky-gods' names The evidence for the 2-dimensional arrays of the alphabets have been known relatively early. An early indicator were the divine names of the sky-gods such as DYAUS-PITAR (Devanagari दषत, DYÁUṢPITṚ Ṛ), and *DJOUS-PITER, DĪVES-PITER and LIBER-PITER. The names ranged from 5 (DYAUS) to 6 letters (DĀRIUŠ / D-Ā-R-Yi-Va-U-Š). An indicator for the importance was the honoring title “father” “PITER“. Cicero's Nature of the Gods (45 BC) Reading Cicero's The Nature of uploads/Litterature/ understand-your-alphabet-the-introduction-of-a-number-of-eurasian-alphabets.pdf