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GTUT 119 Glossary A [en] abbreviation [fr] abréviat

GTUT 119 Glossary A [en] abbreviation [fr] abréviation (f) [es] abreviatura (f) [def] A reduced form of a term or word which is produced by the omission of some of its letters. [en] acceptability / reliability [fr] ﬁabilité (f) [es] ﬁabilidad (f) [def] The degree of usability of a term. Note: Reliability can be established on two levels: monolingually by attestation in one or several documents, for example, in industrial standards; in translations by reference to the usage of the same term in original docu- ments of the target language, i.e., whether the term is widely used or whether its usage is restricted to translated documents. [en] acceptability code / acceptability rating / reliability code / reliability rating [fr] code de ﬁabilité (m) / code de pondération (m) [es] código de ﬁabilidad (m) [def] On a terminological record, the symbols or expressions which are used for indicating the degree or range of usability of a term. [en] acronym 1 [fr] acronyme (m) [es] acrónimo 1 (m) [def] An abbreviation formed by letters taken from a complex term. Note: An acronym may function as a term and may be pronounced like a word or like a sequence of separate letters. Ex.: BSI [be-es-i] = British Standards Institute, NATO [naito] = North Atlantic Treaty Organisation [en] acronym 2 ⇒letterword 120 BB , BN-AJC S [en] affix [fr] affixe (m) [es] aﬁjo (m) [def] A lexical element, which is not itself a word and which can be added before, inside, or after the base form. See also: preﬁx, inﬁx, suffix. Note: Affixes modify the meaning, the reference, or the function of a word or term. [en] affixation [fr] affixation (f) [es] aﬁjacíon (f) [def] The process of adding preﬁxes, suffixes, or inﬁxes to the base form of a word or term in order to create new lexemes or to change the grammatical category of a word/term. [en] alphabetic ordering [fr] classement alphabétique (m) [es] orden alfabético (m) [def] The process and method of ordering the entries of a reference work according to the traditional sequence of the alphabet. [en] anglicism 1 [fr] anglicisme 1 (m) [es] anglicismo 1 (m) [def] A word or term which forms part of the English language when it is used in other languages. [en] anglicism 2 [fr] anglicisme 2 (m) [es] anglicismo 2 (m) [def] A word or term borrowed from the English language. [en] antonym [fr] antonyme (m) [es] antónimo (m) [def] A word or term which is the opposite of another in one meaning relation. [en] antonymy [fr] antonymie (f) [es] antonímia (f) [def] The relationship of opposite meanings between a word or term. Note: The opposites normally considered are: negative-positive, presence-absence, superior-inferior, etc. GTUT 121 [en] area of usage [fr] domaine d’emploi (m) [es] uso (m) [def] The range of texts or topics in which a term is used. [en] article ⇒dictionary entry [en] artiﬁcial language [fr] langue artiﬁcielle (f) / langage formalisé (m) [es] lenguaje artiﬁcial (m) [def] A means of communication, the lexical and syntactic rules of which are absolutely determined prior to its use. [en] author [fr] auteur (m) [es] autor (m) [def] On a terminological record, the terminologist responsible for the content of the record. B [en] base form / base / stem [fr] base 1 (f) [es] base (f) [def] The root or a variant of the root of a word or term to which grammatical or derivational affixes and other lexical items can be added. Ex.: ward-er, mile-age, clean →clean-liness, clean-ly, un-clean; unclean → unclean-liness. [en] borrowing 1 [fr] emprunt 1 (m) [es] préstamo 1 (m) [def] The process of using a term of one language for naming the same concept in another language, or, inside one language, the use of a term belonging to a particular subject ﬁeld in another ﬁeld. [en] borrowing 2 [fr] emprunt 2 (m) [es] préstamo 2 (m) [def] A lexical or terminological unit originally belonging to one language that is used in another. Ex.: parachute, fuselage, grauwacke 122 BB , BN-AJC S C [en] calque / loan translation [fr] calque (f) [es] calco (m) [def] The transfer of the meaning of a word or term from one language into another by means of translating its constituent elements. Ex.: secretary general, sergeant major [en] canonical form / citation form / stem form [fr] forme canonique (f) [es] forma canónica (f) [def] The form in which a word or term appears as a headword or entry term in a dictionary. [en] category [fr] catégorie (f) [es] categoría (f) [def] The classes of concepts established in a conceptual system. [en] characteristic / feature [fr] caractéristique (f) / caractère (m) [es] característica (f) [def] The semantic element which together with others constitutes the intension of a concept. Note: Characteristics are the semantic primitives which terminology shares with the general lexicon and which constitute the nexus between words and terms. Single characteristics can constitute independent terms. Being primitives, characteristics are not deﬁned in terminology but are taken as axiomatic. They form the building blocks for more complex concepts. By being related to a domain, characteristics are limited in their generality. Being distinctive properties of concepts, they can be used for the construction of a system of opposites in order to build up a conceptual structure. Ex.: such general values as “blue”, “long”, “warm”; such general processes as “colour” (apply colorant), stretch (make longer), “warm” (apply heat); such general objects as “air”, “water”, “heat” (without concern for their direct constituents); and such general relations as “together”, “distant”, “after” (temporally sequential), which may but need not have found a single-word form. GTUT 123 [en] citation [fr] citation (f) [es] cita (f) [def] A reference to an example taken from a running text, or the occurrence of the same expression marked as “citation” in a text. [en] citation form ⇒canonical form [en] class [fr] classe d’objets (f) [es] clase (f) [def] The group of objects to which the same characteristics can be attributed. [en] classiﬁcation [fr] classiﬁcation (f) [es] clasiﬁcación (f) [def] The process of attributing a concept to a category. [en] clipped compound 1 [fr] mot-valise 1 (m) [es] acrónimo 2 (m) [def] A term or a word constituted of morpheme elements taken from two or more words or terms. Ex.: modem, vertijet [en] clipped compound 2 [fr] mot-valise 2 (m) [es] acrónimo 3 (m) [def] A term or word consisting of two reduced lexical elements, namely, the initial element of the ﬁrst word or term and the ﬁnal element of the second word or term. Ex.: bionic, stagﬂation [en] clipping [fr] troncation (f) [es] truncación (f) / reducción (f) [def] The process of producing new words or terms out of elements of one or several words or terms. [en] code [fr] indicatif (m) [es] código (m) [def] A symbol or expression from a closed set of elements which represents information about a concept or a term. 124 BB , BN-AJC S [en] co-hyponym / coordinated term [fr] co-hyponyme (m) [es] cohipónimo (m) [def] In a hierarchical classiﬁcation, a subordinate term at the same level of classiﬁcation as another term. [en] complex term [fr] terme complexe (m) [es] sintagma terminológico (m) [def] A term consisting of a terminologised and syntactically linked sequence of terms and words, which designate a single concept. See also: concept, term. Note: Complex terms are formed from other terms by such logical processes as composition, determination, disjunction, and conjunction of concepts, etc. (Concept A + concept B = concept C.) More complex formations come into being when complex concepts are combined with simple concepts or other complex concepts. In all cases the nature of the relationship, the nature of the link between conceptual entities determines the nature of the new concept. A material concept applied to an activity/process concept may limit the scope of the activity to a particular material but may also indicate the instrument used for the performance of the activity. Alternatively concepts are formed by concepts to which certain characteristics have been added as signiﬁcant distinguishing features. (Concept B + characteristic N = concept Q.) [en] compound [fr] mot composé (m) [es] palabra compuesta (f) / compuesto (m) [def] A word or term constituted of several words or terms. [en] compounding / composition [fr] composition (f) [es] composición (f) [def] The process of forming words or terms on the basis of lexical elements capable of independent usage in a language. [en] concept [fr] concept (m) [es] concepto (m) [def] An abstract unit which consists of the characteristics of a number of concrete or abstract objects which are selected according to speciﬁc scientiﬁc or conventional criteria appropriate for a domain. GTUT 125 Note: Simple concepts are abstractions formed from sets of characteristics which are applied or limited in scope to a particular domain. Concepts are formed on chosen and limited characteristics only. In general denotation “blue” covers a fairly wide range of hues, the limits of which are set by convention but which are ﬂexible enough to allow interpretation. As a concept, “blue” is uploads/Philosophie/ glossary.pdf