1. BASIC PHRASES / LES EXPRESSIONS DE BASE Bonjour Hello / Good day / Good morn
1. BASIC PHRASES / LES EXPRESSIONS DE BASE Bonjour Hello / Good day / Good morning Bonsoir Good evening Bonne nuit n nɥi Good night (only said when going to bed) Salut /saly/ Hi / Bye Au revoir (ə)v Goodbye S'il vous plaît / S'il te plaît il v plɛ Please (formal / informal) Merci (beaucoup) mɛ i ok Thank you (very much) De rien. ə jɛ You're welcome. Je vous en prie. əv p i You're welcome. (formal) / Go ahead. Bienvenu(e) jɛ vən Welcome (also You're welcome in Quebec) Allons-y! l i Let's go! A tout à l'heure t t lœ See you in a little while A plus tard pl t See you later A bientôt jɛ to See you soon A demain əmɛ See you tomorrow Je suis désolé(e) e le I'm sorry Pardon ! p Excuse me! (pushing through a crowd) / Sorry! (stepped on someone's foot) Excusez-moi ! /ekskyze mwa/ Excuse me! (getting someone's attention) / I'm sorry! (more formal apology) Comment allez-vous ? k m t le v How are you? (formal) Je vais bien ə ve jɛ I'm fine. Très bien / mal / pas mal t ɛ jɛ m l p m l Very good / bad / not bad Ça va ? /sa va/ How are you? (informal) Ça va. /sa va/ I'm fine. (informal response to Ça va ?) Oui / non i n Yes / no Comment vous appelez-vous ? k m v ple v What's your name? (formal) Tu t'appelles comment ? t t pɛl k m What's your name? (informal) Je m'appelle... ə m pɛl My name is... Enchanté(e) te Nice to meet you. Monsieur, Madame, Mademoiselle mə jø m m m ɛl Mister, Misses, Miss Mesdames et Messieurs /medam/ /mesjø/ Ladies and gentlemen Vous êtes d'où ? / Vous venez d'où ? v ɛt v vəne Where are you from? (formal) Tu es d'où ? / Tu viens d'où ? t ɛ t vjɛ u/ Where are you from? (informal) Je suis de... / Je viens de... ə ɥi ə ə vjɛ ə I am from... Où habitez-vous ? /u abite vu/ Where do you live? (formal) Tu habites où ? /ty abit u/ Where do you live? (informal) J'habite à... it I live in... Quel âge avez-vous ? kɛl ve v How old are you? (formal) Tu as quel âge ? t kɛl How old are you? (informal) J'ai ____ ans. e I am ____ years old. Parlez-vous français ? / Tu parles anglais ? p le v ɛ t p l lɛ Do you speak French? (formal) / Do you speak English? (informal) Je parle allemand. ə p l lm I speak German. Je ne parle pas espagnol. ə nə p l p ɛ p ɲ l I don't speak Spanish. Comprenez-vous? / Tu comprends? k p əne v t k p Do you understand? (formal / informal) Je comprends ə k p I understand Je ne comprends pas ə nə k p p I don't understand Pouvez-vous m'aider ? / Tu peux m'aider ? /puve vu mede/ /ty pø mede/ Can you help me? (formal / informal) Bien sûr. jɛ Of course. Comment ? k m What? Pardon? Tenez / Tiens təne tjɛ Hey / Here (formal / informal) Je sais ə ɛ I know Je ne sais pas ən ɛ p I don't know Où est ... / Où sont ... ? ɛ Where is ... / Where are ... ? Voici / Voilà /vwasi/ /vwala/ Here is/are... / There it is. Il y a ... / Il y avait... il i il i vɛ There is / are... / There was / were... Comment dit-on ____ en français ? k m i t ɛ How do you say ____ in French? Qu'est-ce que c'est que ça ? kɛ kə ɛ kə What is that? Qu'est-ce qu'il y a ? kɛ kil i What's the matter? Ça ne fait rien. nə ɛ jɛ It doesn't matter. Qu'est-ce qui se passe ? kɛ ki ə p What's happening? Je n'ai aucune idée. ə ne ok n i e I have no idea. Je suis fatigué(e) / Je suis malade. ə ɥi tiɡe ə ɥi m l I'm tired / I'm sick. J'ai faim / J'ai soif. e ɛ e I'm hungry / I'm thirsty. J'ai chaud / J'ai froid. e o e I'm hot / I'm cold. Je m'ennuie. ə m nɥi I'm bored. Ça m'est égal. / Je m'en fiche. mɛ teɡ l ə m i It's the same to me / I don't care. (informal) Ne vous en faites pas. / Ne t'en fais pas. nə v ɛt p nə t ɛ p Don't worry (formal / informal) Ce n'est pas grave. ə nɛ p v It's no problem. / It's alright. J'ai oublié. e lije I forgot. Je dois y aller. ə i le I must go. A vos souhaits ! / A tes souhaits ! vo ɛ te ɛ Bless you! (formal / informal) Félicitations ! eli it j Congratulations! Bonne chance ! n Good luck! C'est à vous ! / C'est à toi ! ɛ t v ɛ t t It's your turn! (formal / informal) Taisez-vous ! / Tais-toi ! tɛ e v tɛ t Shut up! / Be quiet! (formal / informal) Je vous aime / Je t'aime ə v ɛm ə tɛm I love you (formal & plural / informal) Tu me manques. t mə m k I miss you. (informal) Quoi de neuf ? k ə nœ What's new? Pas grand-chose. p o Not a whole lot. Notice that French has informal and formal ways of saying things. This is because there is more than one meaning to "you" in French (as well as in many other languages.) The informal you is used when talking to close friends, relatives, animals or children. The formal you is used when talking to someone you just met, do not know well, or someone for whom you would like to show respect (a professor, for example.) There is also a plural you, used when speaking to more than one person. Also notice that some words take an extra e, shown in parentheses. If the word refers to a woman or is spoken by a woman, then the e is added in spelling; but in most cases, it does not change the pronunciation. To make verbs negative, French adds ne before the verb and pas after it. However, the ne is frequently dropped in spoken French, although it must appear in written French. . PRONUNCIATION / LA PRONONCIATION For a more in-depth look at French pronunciation, try to the French Phonetics tutorial. French Vowels IPA Phonetic spelling Sample words General spellings [i] ee vie, midi, lit, riz i, y [y] ee rounded rue, jus, tissu, usine u [e] ay blé, nez, cahier, pied é, et, final er and ez [ø] ay rounded jeu, yeux, queue, bleu eu [ɛ] eh lait, aile, balai, reine e, è, ê, ai, ei, ais [œ] eh rounded sœur, œuf, fleur, beurre œ , e [a] ah chat, ami, papa, salade a, à, â [ɑ] ah longer bas, âne, grâce, château a, â [u] oo loup, cou, caillou, outil ou [o] oh eau, dos, escargot, hôtel o, ô [ɔ] aw sol, pomme, cloche, horloge o [ə] uh fenêtre, genou, cheval, cerise e [ɑ] is disappearing in modern French, being replaced by [a]. Vowels that do not exist in English are marked in blue. French semi-vowels IPA Phonetic spelling Sample words General spelling [w] w fois, oui, Louis oi, ou [ɥ] ew-ee lui, suisse ui [j] yuh oreille, Mireille ill, y French nasal vowels IPA Phonetic spelling Sample words General spelling [ ] awn gant, banc, dent en, em, an, am, aon, aen [ɛ ] ahn pain, vin, linge in, im, yn, ym, ain, aim, ein, eim, un, um, en, eng, oin, oing, oint, ien, yen, éen [ ] uhn brun, lundi, parfum un [ ] ohn rond, ongle, front on, om [ ] is being replaced with [ɛ ] in modern French In words beginning with in-, a nasal is only used if the next letter is a consonant. Otherwise, the in- prefix is pronounce een before a vowel. French Consonants ex + vowel egz examen, exercice ex + consonant eks exceptionnel, expression ch (Latin origin) sh architecte, archives ch (Greek origin) k orchestre, archéologie ti + vowel (except é) see démocratie, nation c + e, i, y; or ç s cent, ceinture, maçon c + a, o, u k caillou, car, cube g + e, i, y zh genou, gingembre g + a, o, u g gomme, ganglion th t maths, thème, thym j zh jambe, jus, jeune qu, final q k que, quoi, grecque h silent haricot, herbe, hasard vowel + s + vowel z rose, falaise, casino x + vowel z six ans, beaux arts final x s six, dix, soixante (these 3 only!) There are a lot of silent letters uploads/s3/ french.pdf
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- Publié le Apv 21, 2022
- Catégorie Creative Arts / Ar...
- Langue French
- Taille du fichier 2.7099MB