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ACADÉMIE ROUMAINE INSTITUT D’ARCHÉOLOGIE « V. PÂRVAN » D A C I A R E V U E D ’

ACADÉMIE ROUMAINE INSTITUT D’ARCHÉOLOGIE « V. PÂRVAN » D A C I A R E V U E D ’ A R C H É O L O G I E E T D ’ H I S T O I R E A N C I E N N E NOUVELLE SÉRIE LIX 2015 EDITURA ACADEMIEI ROMÂNE RÉDACTION Rédacteur en chef : ALEXANDRU VULPE Collège de rédaction : MARIA ALEXANDRESCU VIANU (Bucureşti), ALEXANDRU AVRAM (Le Mans), DOUGLAS W. BAILEY (San Francisco), MIHAI BĂRBULESCU (Cluj-Napoca), PIERRE DUPONT (Lyon), SVEND HANSEN (Berlin), ANTHONY HARDING (Exeter), RADU HARHOIU (Bucureşti), ATTILA LÁSZLÓ (Iaşi), SILVIA MARINESCU-BÎLCU (Bucureşti), MONICA MĂRGINEANU-CÂRSTOIU (Bucureşti), VIRGIL MIHAILESCU-BÎRLIBA (Iaşi), JEAN-PAUL MOREL (Aix-en-Provence), IOAN PISO (Cluj-Napoca), CLAUDE RAPIN (Aix-en-Provence), WOLFRAM SCHIER (Berlin), VICTOR SPINEI (Iaşi) Rédacteur en chef adjoint : FLORIAN MATEI-POPESCU Comité de rédaction : CRISTINA ALEXANDRESCU, ALEXANDRU DRAGOMAN, EUGEN NICOLAE, ALEXANDRU NICULESCU, CONSTANTIN C. PETOLESCU, DANIEL SPÂNU Secrétaire de rédaction : RALUCA KOGĂLNICEANU Rédaction éditoriale : MONICA STANCIU Informatique éditoriale : LUIZA STAN Toute commande sera adressée à : EDITURA ACADEMIEI ROMÂNE, Calea 13 Septembrie nr. 13, sector 5, 050711, Bucureşti, România ; Tél. 4021-318 8146, 4021-318 8106, Fax 4021-318 2444, E-mail : edacad@ear.ro ORION PRESS IMPEX 2000 S.R.L., P. O. Box 77–19, sector 3, Bucureşti, România ; Tél./Fax : 4021-610 6765, 4021-210 6787, Tél. 0311 044 668, E-mail : office@orionpress.ro S.C. MANPRESS DISTRIBUTION S.R.L., Piaţa Presei Libere, nr. 1, Corp B, Etaj 3, Cam. 301–302, sector 1, Bucureşti, Tel.: 4021 314 63 39, fax: 4021 314 63 39, E-mail: abonamente@manpress.ro, office@manpress.ro, www.manpress.ro Les manuscrits et les périodiques proposés en échange, ainsi que toute correspondance seront adressés à la Rédaction : Institut d’Archéologie « V. Pârvan », 11, rue H. Coandă, 010667 Bucarest, Roumanie, Tél./Fax 4021 212 88 62, E-mail : iab.redactie@gmail.com ; florian.matei@gmail.com © 2 0 1 6 , E D I T U R A A C A D E M I E I R O M Â N E www.ear.ro DACIA N.S., tome LIX, Bucarest, 2015, p. 3-388 ACADÉMIE ROUMAINE INSTITUT D’ARCHÉOLOGIE «V. PÂRVAN» D A C I A L I X , 2 0 1 5 R E V U E D ’ A R C H É O L O G I E E T D ’ H I S T O I R E A N C I E N N E J O U R N A L O F A R C H A E O L O G Y A N D A N C I E N T H I S T O R Y ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR ARCHÄOLOGIE UND GESCHICHTE DES ALTERTUMS Ж У Р Н А Л А Р X Е О Л О Г И И И Д Р Е В Н Е Й И С Т О Р И И ÉTUDES MONICA MĂRGINEANU CÂRSTOIU, De l’architecture hellenistique de Callatis: une expression originale du style ionique ……………………………………………………………………………………………………...…… STELUŢA GRAMATICU, On the metrology of the city of Istros in the autonomous period ……………………………. GEORGE CUPCEA, Careers in the guard of the Dacian Governor ……………………………………………………… FELIX MARCU, GEORGE CUPCEA, Recent developments in the fort of Bologa and on the northwestern Dacian limes …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. ROBERT GINDELE, Die römerzeitlichen Barbarensiedlungen von Livada/Ciuperceni – Photovoltaik-Anlage GPSP Solaris und Supuru de Sus – Togul lui Cosmi. Neue Angaben bezüglich der rechteckigen Gruben mit gebrannten Wänden aus dem 2.-5. n. Chr. im oberen Theiss-Becken ………………………………………………………. DANIELA TĂNASE, Considerations on the archaeology of the Early Migrations Period in Banat …………………… DANIEL-CĂLIN ANTON, Ethnische und chronologische Verhältnisse im Gräberfeld Nr. 3 von Brateiu, Siebenbürgen DANIELA MARCU ISTRATE, Byzantine influences in the Carpathian Basin around the turn of the millennium. The pillared church of Alba Iulia …………………………………………………………………………………….. NOTES ET DISCUSSIONS FRED C. WOUDHUIZEN, The Sea Peoples: superior on land and at the sea …………………………………………… ADRIAN BĂLĂŞESCU, VALENTIN RADU, MIHAI CONSTANTINESCU, SORIN-CRISTIAN AILINCĂI, Animal exploitation in Babadag culture. Satu Nou – Valea lui Voicu site (Oltina, Constanța County) ………….. EMILIAN TELEAGA, Die La-Tène zeitlichen Grabfunde aus Brateiu, jud. Sibiu, Rumänien. Ein Beitrag zum Grabwesen Siebenbürgens ………………………………………………………………………………………. ALEXANDER RUBEL, Afterlife and the living. The Arginusae trial and the omission of burying the dead ……………….. CORIOLAN HORAŢIU OPREANU, A detachment of the legio VII Gemina Felix at Porolissum. When and why? …… FLORIN-GHEORGHE FODOREAN, Distances along the Roman roads in the ancient itineraries: from Britannia to Asia. A short comparison ………………………………………………………………………………………... CRISTINA MUJA, ADRIAN IONIŢĂ, Sexual dimorphism and general activity levels as revealed by the diaphyseal external shape and historical evidence: case study on a medieval population from Transylvania ……………….. SERGEY BOCHAROV, ANDREY MASLOVSKY, AYRAT SITDIKOV, The beginning of glazed ceramics production in the Southeast Crimea during the last quarter of the 13th century – the first quarter of the 14th century …………… CĂTĂLIN NICOLAE POPA, Late Iron Age archaeology in Romania and the politics of the past ……………………… 5 21 49 67 83 127 153 177 215 227 241 277 299 311 319 329 337 S O M M A I R E C O N T E N T S I N H A L T ÉPIGRAPHIE CONSTANTIN C. PETOLESCU, Notes prosopographiques (VIII) …………………………………………………….. RAINER WIEGELS, Zwei gestempelte Silberbarren und ein spätantiker Goldbarren aus Crasna (Rumänien) …………. COMPTES RENDUS Ion Țurcanu, Antichitatea greco-romană la Nistru de Jos și în teritoriile învecinate, Editura Cartier, Chișinău, 2014, 760 p., 238 fig. (Thibaut Castelli) ………………………………………………………………………………… Ennio Sanzi, Iuppiter Optimus Maximus Dolichenus. Un “culto orientale” fra tradizione e innovazione: riflessioni storico-religiose (I Saggi, 52), Roma, 2013, 398 p. (Florian Matei-Popescu) …………………………………… Materiale și Cercetări Arheologice (serie nouă), X, 2014, București, Editura Academiei Române, 300 p. (Liana Oţa)….. ABRÉVIATIONS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 363 371 377 378 379 383 DACIA N.S., tome LIX, Bucarest, 2015, p. 67-82 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FORT OF BOLOGA AND ON THE NORTHWESTERN DACIAN LIMES FELIX MARCU*, GEORGE CUPCEA** Keywords: Dacia, limes, praetorium, fort, archaeological topography, Roman army, burgus, tower Abstract: Limes dacicus is a fundamental reflection and study subject for Romanian ancient history and archaeology. Large-scale research has debuted by mid-19th century, developing to a decently advanced state until the present day. The northwestern part, especially that in the vicinity of the fort at Bologa, is, not by chance, one of the best-known sectors of the Dacian limes. Once archaeological research has been restarted, in 2012, in the fort, and through research projects financed in this field, the authors updated, documented and processed most of the data regarding the subject. On one hand, the commander’s house in the fort reveals a most interesting architectural approach used to erect the intended prototype of a Mediterranean residence, on the other hand, the Roman frontier in the area is a complex system of watchtowers, fortlets and linear fortifications which seem to ensure a rather efficient surveillance and communication in the area. The frontier system in the area was designed mostly with traffic control purposes, being therefore ‘mostly bureaucratic than strategic in purpose’. Cuvinte-cheie: Dacia, limes, praetorium, castru auxiliar, topografie arheologică, armată romană, burgus, turn Rezumat: Limes dacicus este un subiect de reflecție şi studiu fundamental al istoriei antice şi arheologiei românești. Cercetările la scară largă au debutat după jumătatea secolului al XIX-lea, dezvoltându-se la un nivel destul de avansat până în prezent. Zona de nord-vest, cu precădere cea din vecinătatea castrului de la Bologa, este, nu întâmplător, unul dintre cele mai bine cunoscute sectoare ale limes-ului dacic. Odată cu reînceperea cercetărilor arheologice în castrul de la Bologa şi cu finanțarea de proiecte pe aceasta temă, autorii au adus la zi, documentat şi prelucrat cea mai mare parte a datelor privitoare la acest subiect. Pe de o parte, reședința comandantului unității din castru ne dezvăluie o deosebit de interesantă abordare arhitecturală pentru a realiza prototipul de casă mediteraneeană intenționat, iar pe cealaltă parte, frontiera romana în zona de la Bologa este un sistem complex de turnuri, burgi şi fortificații liniare, care par a asigura o supraveghere şi o comunicare cât mai eficientă în zonă. Sistemul de frontieră din această zonă a fost instituit, mai ales, in scopul de control al traficului din şi din afara provinciei, fiind mai mult „birocratic decât strategic”. PREVIOUS WORK ON THE FRONTIER The Roman frontier in this sample study is theoretically the best-known limes sector (fig. 1), under research since the second half of the 19th century. The northwestern frontier is a complex system formed of a turf rampart, watchtowers, a large fort and some fortlets. In spite of the efforts from the last hundred years or so, the gaps still persist, including in the matter of tower localization. For this reason, following field surveys and interdisciplinary analysis, we will attempt to present our conclusions regarding the towers’ localisation and the Roman strategy in a rough frontier area1. * “Babeș-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca; felixmarcu2004@yahoo.com. ** “Babeș-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca; george.cupcea@gmail.com. 1 For detailed information on the exact position of each tower and fortlet, see Marcu, Cupcea 2013, where much of the information used in this paper has been published. 68 Felix Marcu, George Cupcea 2 Fig. 1. Map of Dacia. The first relatively large-scale account regarding the Roman frontier of Dacia uploads/Litterature/ recent-developments-in-the-fort-of-bolog.pdf