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1 Guide to Synchronising and Load Sharing PART 1 – Usage of DSE Load Share Cont

1 Guide to Synchronising and Load Sharing PART 1 – Usage of DSE Load Share Controllers in synchronisation / load sharing systems. Document Number 057-045 Issue 11 Author:- Anthony Manton 2 Deep Sea Electronics Plc Highfield House Hunmanby North Yorkshire YO14 0PH ENGLAND Sales Tel: +44 (0) 1723 890099 Sales Fax: +44 (0) 1723 893303 E-mail: sales@deepseaplc.com Website: www.deepseaplc.com Deep Sea Electronics Guide to Synchronising and Load Sharing © Deep Sea Electronics Plc All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means or other) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to Deep Sea Electronics Plc at the address above. Any reference to trademarked product names used within this publication is owned by their respective companies. Deep Sea Electronics Plc reserves the right to change the contents of this document without prior notice. 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Diesel generator handbook. L.L.J.Mahon. ISBN 0-7506-1147-2 2. On-Site Power Generation. EGSA Education Committee. ISBN 0-9625949-3-8 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 2 2 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 5 3 STEP BY STEP GUIDE ................................................................................ 5 3.1 CLARIFICATION OF NOTATION AND TERMINOLOGY USED WITHIN THIS PUBLICATION. ..................................................................................................................... 6 4 GENERATOR USES..................................................................................... 7 4.1 STANDBY GENERATORS .......................................................................................... 7 4.1.1 TRANSFER SWITCH ............................................................................................ 7 4.1.2 NO BREAK TRANSFER........................................................................................ 7 4.2 CONTINUOUS PARALLEL OPERATION..................................................................... 8 4.3 BASE LOAD WITH DSE ‘20 CONTROLLER ................................................................ 8 4.3.1 TRUE PEAK LOPPING AND IMPORT/EXPORT CONTROL ................................... 9 4.4 MULTIPLE GENERATORS ....................................................................................... 10 4.4.1 MUTIPLE SET PRIME POWER ........................................................................... 10 4.4.2 MULTIPLE SETS PROVIDING STANDBY TO THE MAINS SUPPLY ..................... 11 4.4.3 LOAD-SWITCHING USING DSE333 ATS (BREAK TRANSFER) ........................... 11 4.4.4 MULTIPLE SETS (STANDBY) – NO BREAK TRANSFER ..................................... 12 4.4.5 MULTIPLE MAINS SUPPLIES ............................................................................. 12 5 SYNCHRONISING AND LOAD SHARING SOLUTIONS ............................. 13 5.1 SINGLE SETS .......................................................................................................... 13 5.1.1 SINGLE SET NO BREAK RETURN WITH MAINS ................................................ 13 5.1.2 SINGLE SET FIXED EXPORT ............................................................................. 13 5.2 MULTIPLE SETS ...................................................................................................... 14 5.2.1 MULTIPLE SET PRIME POWER ......................................................................... 14 5.2.2 MULTIPLE SET STANDBY TO MAINS SUPPLY (BREAK RETURN) ..................... 15 5.2.3 MULTIPLE SET STANDBY TO MAINS SUPPLY (NO BREAK RETURN) ............... 16 5.2.4 MULTIPLE MAINS SUPPLIES ............................................................................. 17 5.2.5 SINGLE SET STANDBY TO MULTIPLE MAINS SUPPLY (NO BREAK RETURN) .. 17 6 LOAD SHARING ........................................................................................ 18 6.1 ACTIVE POWER SHARING ...................................................................................... 18 6.2 REACTIVE POWER SHARING .................................................................................. 18 7 THE NEED FOR SYNCHRONISING ........................................................... 19 8 METHODS OF ADJUSTING VOLTAGE & FREQUENCY ............................ 20 8.1 REMOTE SPEED / VOLTAGE POTENTIOMETERS ................................................... 20 8.2 DC VOLTAGE INPUT................................................................................................ 20 8.3 RAISE / LOWER PUSH BUTTONS ............................................................................ 20 8.4 CAN / ELECTRONIC ENGINE SPEED CONTROL ..................................................... 21 9 REQUIREMENTS FOR SYNCHRONISING ................................................. 22 9.1 GOVERNOR WITH REMOTE SPEED CONTROL CAPABILITY .................................. 22 9.2 AVR WITH REMOTE VOLTAGE ADJUST CAPABILITY............................................. 22 9.3 FUNCTION COMPARISON CHART ........................................................................... 23 9.4 SYNC / LOAD SHARE PROTECTION COMPARISON CHART .................................. 24 10 LOAD SWITCHING DEVICES.................................................................. 25 10.1 CHOOSING A LOAD SWITCHING DEVICE ............................................................ 25 10.1.1 CONTACTORS .................................................................................................. 25 10.1.2 CHARGED SPRING BREAKERS ........................................................................ 25 10.1.3 AIR CIRCUIT BREAKERS (ACBS) ...................................................................... 25 10.1.4 MOTOR OPERATED BREAKERS ....................................................................... 26 10.1.5 MANUALLY OPERATED BREAKERS ................................................................. 26 10.2 NEUTRAL EARTHING ........................................................................................... 26 4 11 MULTI SET COMMUNICATIONS (MSC) LINK .........................................27 11.1 SYNCHRONISING ................................................................................................ 27 11.2 LOAD SHARING ................................................................................................... 27 11.3 START/STOP ON LOAD DEMAND........................................................................ 27 11.4 COMPATIBILITY................................................................................................... 27 11.5 CONNECTIONS .................................................................................................... 28 11.6 SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................. 29 11.7 MSC ALARMS ...................................................................................................... 30 11.7.1 MSC ID ALARM ................................................................................................. 30 11.7.2 MSC DATA ERROR ........................................................................................... 30 11.7.3 MSC FAILURE ................................................................................................... 30 11.7.4 MSC TOO FEW SETS ........................................................................................ 30 12 LOAD SHARE LINES ...............................................................................31 12.1 TYPICAL P123 INSTALLATION ............................................................................ 31 13 TYPICAL CONNECTIONS .......................................................................32 13.1.1 TYPICAL SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF MULTI SET MAINS FAIL .......................... 32 13.1.2 SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF MULTI MAINS SYSTEM.......................................... 33 5 2 INTRODUCTION A general overview of generator uses is given including synchronising. This is only to be treated as a guide to newcomers to this particular subject, and should not be treated as a total learning package. Part 2 of this manual details the interfacing the DSE controllers with many of the most common AVRs and Governors in use on generating sets. 3 STEP BY STEP GUIDE This section details the mains steps that need to be taken in producing a synchronising / load sharing system. This is intended as a guide only and is not a substitute for in depth knowledge of synchronising and load sharing. • Identify your base application. Applications supported by the DSE controllers are detailed in the section headed ‘Synchronising and load sharing solutions’. • Identify your governor and AVR interface methods. Details of this are contained in the sections headed ‘Interfacing to governors’ and ‘Interfacing to automatic voltage regulators’. • Design your panel and system wiring. DSE can assist with your specific questions on this but cannot design the panel for you. If you want a panel designing, please contact DSE Technical Support Department who may be able to recommend a third party panel designer / builder capable of producing a synchronising / load sharing system. • Check / adjust the module’s configuration using the PC configuration software. If it is a MultiSet system, ensure that the settings for the MultiSet Communications Link are correctly configured and the MultiSet communications cable is of the correct specification. • Commission each set in the system as a single standalone set. Before doing this, ensure the governor/AVR interface is disabled as detailed in the section entitled ‘On site commissioning’. • Set up the governor and AVR as detailed in their respective manufacturers’ handbooks. • Before synchronising sets for the first time, double check that all the Bus wiring is correct and that the controllers initial settings are suitable. This may include lowering the settings for ‘gain’ and ‘stability’ in the synchronising, voltage matching and load control sections. Further detailed information on this subject is contained in the DSE Load Share Design and Commissioning Guide (DSE PART 057-047). Should you have any queries arising from this manual please contact our Technical Department: INTERNATIONAL TEL: +44 (0) 1723 890099 INTERNATIONAL FAX: +44 (0) 1723 893303 E-mail: support@deepseaplc.com Web: http://www.deepseaplc.com 6 3.1 CLARIFICATION OF NOTATION AND TERMINOLOGY USED WITHIN THIS PUBLICATION. NOTE: Highlights an essential element of a procedure to ensure correctness. CAUTION! Indicates a procedure or practice which, if not strictly observed, could result in damage or destruction of equipment. WARNING! Indicates a procedure or practice, which could result in injury to personnel or loss of life if not followed correctly.     DEEP SEA ELECTRONICS PLC own the copyright to this manual, which cannot be copied, reproduced or disclosed to a third party without prior written permission. Compliant with BS EN 60950 Low Voltage Directive Compliant with BS EN 50081-2 EMC Directive Compliant with BS EN 50082-2 EMC Directive Two crossing wires with no interconnection between the two. Three wires, all connected together Connections to the DSE controller’s battery supply negative terminal, usually the earthed battery –ve terminal. A.V.R. Automatic Voltage Regulator. Fitted to the alternator to regulate the output of the generator. Governor Engine Speed Governor. Fitted to the engine to electronically control the speed of the engine. Droop When load is applied to a generator fitted with a droop governor / AVR, the speed/voltage will drop. This is called droop. It is common for a droop set to drop between 3% and 10% in speed / voltage from no load applied to full load applied. Isochronous A governor with no speed droop, or where speed droop is disabled is known as an isochronous governor. The engine speed remains constant so long as the load levels are within the set’s capability. Synchronise To get the supplies identically matched, ready for paralleling. Parallel Connect two or more supplies together. These supplies must be in synchronism before this can occur. Datum ‘centre’ point of an electronic pot, digital resistance or AVR/Governor. Nominal The nominal voltage or frequency of the system i.e. 230V 50Hz. This is not necessarily the same as the Datum. (i.e. when droop governors/AVRs are used, the datum will be higher than the nominal ) Mains supply The AC distributed power supply of a power generation company. Often also called the ‘grid’, or ‘utility’ supply. Generator uses 7 4 GENERATOR USES AC Power Generators are widely used to supply power to a load at “mains” voltage levels. Most people first encounter a generating set when used as the primary power source. An example of this is the small trailer mounted generators often seen in use supplying power to highway maintenance equipment. Other terms used to describe a generator as the sole supply are ‘Primary power’ or ‘Prime power’. Knowledge of prime power generation in this way is assumed and is not covered within this manual. 4.1 STANDBY GENERATORS Generators are commonly used as a backup to the mains supply. Due to uploads/Management/ 057-045-part1-guide.pdf