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Energy efﬁciency in buildings CIBSE Guide F The Chartered Institution of Buildi

Energy efﬁciency in buildings CIBSE Guide F The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers 222 Balham High Road, London, SW12 9BS Patrick Carey, pcarey@gasan.com, 4:45pm 19/08/2013, 1, 10016 The rights of publication or translation are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the Institution. © Third edition May 2012; The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers London Registered charity number 278104 ISBN 978-1-906846-22-0 This document is based on the best knowledge available at the time of publication. However no responsibility of any kind for any injury, death, loss, damage or delay however caused resulting from the use of these recommendations can be accepted by the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, the authors or others involved in its publication. In adopting these recommendations for use each adopter by doing so agrees to accept full responsibility for any personal injury, death, loss, damage or delay arising out of or in connection with their use by or on behalf of such adopter irrespective of the cause or reason therefore and agrees to defend, indemnify and hold harmless the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, the authors and others involved in their publication from any and all liability arising out of or in connection with such use as aforesaid and irrespective of any negligence on the part of those indemniﬁed. Typesetting and layout by CIBSE Publications Printed in Great Britain by The Lavenham Press Ltd., Lavenham, Suffolk CO10 9RN Note from the publisher This publication is primarily intended to provide guidance to those responsible for the design, installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance of building services. It is not intended to be exhaustive or deﬁnitive and it will be necessary for users of the guidance given to exercise their own professional judgement when deciding whether to abide by or depart from it. Patrick Carey, pcarey@gasan.com, 4:45pm 19/08/2013, 1, 10016 Foreword to the third edition Since the last edition of CIBSE Guide F , published in 2004, the UK Government has set a legally binding target to reduce national greenhouse gas emissions. The Government’s latest Carbon Plan sets out speciﬁc targets for improving the energy efﬁciency in new and existing buildings. There have also been signiﬁcant regulatory changes over the last eight years, including two revisions to Part L of the Building Regulations and the transposition of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive into UK legislation. The next two revisions of Part L will push for further improvements in energy efﬁciency to progress towards the Government’s aspiration for all new buildings to be zero carbon by 2019. This 2012 edition of CIBSE Guide F includes a new section on ‘developing an energy strategy’. This reﬂects the changes to planning policy which now include targets for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from new developments and the need to submit a detailed energy strategy report as part of the planning application. Energy management has moved up the corporate agenda, aided by the work of the Carbon T rust and the implementation of the CRC Energy Efﬁciency Scheme. Part B of this Guide (covering the operation of the building) has been updated to include more information about carbon management, and the need for improved metering and monitoring. The section on energy efﬁcient refurbishment has been expanded in recognition of the pressing need to upgrade the existing building stock and the opportunities to improve performance. This edition incorporates the new and revised guidance that has been published since 2004. This includes key CIBSE documents and publications by the Carbon T rust and BSRIA. These key references have informed many of the updates and are referenced throughout the Guide. The new companion guide, Introduction to energy efﬁciency, introduces the main Guide and summarises (1) the current policy agenda, (2) the changing role of building services engineers, and (3) the key themes of Guide F . I would like to thank the technical experts and the members of the Guide F Steering Committee (see below) who provided new material, read drafts and provided detailed comments. In particular, I would like to thank Phil Jones for his invaluable input. David Cheshire Revision author and technical editor Revision author and technical editor (third edition) David Cheshire (AECOM Sustainability Group) Editor Ken Butcher CIBSE Head of Knowledge Nick Peake Acknowledgements (third edition) The Institution gratefully acknowledges the work of the authors and contributors to the ﬁrst and second editions of CIBSE Guide F , published in 1998 and 2004 respectively, which form the basis of this third edition. Acknowledgement is also due to the following for reviewing the draft chapters: Richard Brailsford, Simon Burton, Mike Campbell, Lionel Delorme, Zac Grant, Malcolm Hanna, Stephanie Hoffman, Barry Knight, T ed Paszynski, Fabia Pennington, Martin Valentine, Paul Woods; and to Gina Barney, Ashley Bateson, Vic Crisp, Guy Hundy, Phil Jones, Anastasia Mylona, and Andy Stanton for reviewing the ﬁnal draft prior to publication. Patrick Carey, pcarey@gasan.com, 4:45pm 19/08/2013, 1, 10016 Permission to reproduce extracts from BS 8206-2, BS EN ISO 16001 and BS EN 15193 is granted by BSI. British Standards can be obtained in PDF or hard copy formats from the BSI online shop: www.bsigroup.com/Shop or by contacting BSI Customer Services for hardcopies only: T el: +44 (0)20 8996 9001, Email: cservices@bsigroup.com. Foreword to the ﬁrst edition This is the ﬁrst time that the CIBSE has endeavoured to bring together in one volume a range of information related entirely to energy efﬁciency in buildings. Energy plays a part in all aspects of building services and this is reﬂected in most of the Institution’s publications. It is perhaps surprising that, until now, there has been no CIBSE Guide which deals exclusively with the many facets of energy efﬁciency in buildings. This publication seeks to ﬁll that gap and at the same time conﬁrm the Institution’s dedication to energy conservation and the preservation of the environment. This volume in the series of CIBSE Guides is essentially a reference book, which also identiﬁes other documents dealing with the various topics in more detail. It is not intended that it should be read from beginning to end in one go, but rather that the reader can consult a section that is of particular interest in respect of the project in hand. Those involved in the production of this Guide have recognised that the content cannot cover every aspect of what is, after all, a very extensive and sometimes controversial subject. There will, however, be opportunities in the future to up-date the content in order to deal with further subjects and areas of concern, as well as covering new developments. The Institution offers its grateful thanks to all those who have contributed to this volume and, in particular, to the Department of the Environment, T ransport and the Regions and BRECSU/BRE, without whose collaboration and perseverance this Guide would not have seen the light of day. D D Lawrence Chairman, CIBSE Energy Publications Joint Steering Committee, March 1998 Acknowledgements (ﬁrst edition) The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers gratefully acknowledges the support and funding provided for the development of this CIBSE Guide by the Department of the Environment, T ransport and the Regions. This support was provided as part of the Department’s Energy Efﬁciency Best Practice programme managed on behalf of the Department by the Building Research Energy Conservation Support Unit (BRECSU) at the Building Research Establishment (BRE). The BRECSU project managers were Colin Lillicrap, Chris Hall and T ony Johnson and many other BRE staff contributed to the guide. Foreword to the second edition Guide F has been a leading source of guidance on energy efﬁciency in buildings over the last ﬁve years. This revised edition of the Guide has been brought up-to-date in the light of current domestic legislation, speciﬁcally Part L of the Building Regulations. CIBSE Applications Manual AM 5: Energy audits and surveys has been incorporated within this volume for completeness. This edition of Guide F covers both the energy requirements committed by the design and the energy costs in use, as design and management cannot be separated. It has become larger as some new sections have been added, such as the checklist Why buildings fail on energy, and there are useful practical enhancements including a Design checklist, How to carry out an energy survey and Part C: Benchmarks. The Guide seeks to inform a very diverse audience and aims to be pertinent to many groups involved in buildings besides building services engineers, including building develop ers/ ﬁnanciers, speciﬁers, architects, surveyors, letting agents, energy managers and consultants and building owners/operators. Patrick Carey, pcarey@gasan.com, 4:45pm 19/08/2013, 1, 10016 Guide F deals with the building as a whole. The technical content is guidance from an energy perspective and extra information is available elsewhere in the CIBSE Guides and other sources listed in the bibliographies at the end of each section. The Guide also complements energy efﬁciency publications provided under the Carbon T rust’s Action Energy programme (formerly the Energy uploads/s1/ guide-f2008-ver-1.pdf