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Health Guide  WORLD  U.S.  N.Y. / REGION  BUSINESS  TECHNOLOGY  SCIENCE  HEALTH  SPORTS  OPINION  ARTS  STYLE  TRAVEL  JOBS  REAL ESTATE  AUTOS  RESEARCH  FITNESS & NUTRITION  MONEY & POLICY  VIEWS  HEALTH GUIDE Search Health3,000+ Topics health health SEND FEEDBACK HEALTH > TIMES HEALTH GUIDE > E > ENTERITIS Enteritis  Overview o Causes o Symptoms o Exams and Tests o Treatment o Outlook (Prognosis) o Possible Complications o When to Contact a Medical Professional o Prevention o References  News & Features Related Topics  Gastritis  Colitis  Abdominal Pain  Fever  Dehydration  Salmonella Enterocolitis  Shigellosis  Staph Aureus Food Poisoning  Campylobacter Enteritis  Bacterial Gastroenteritis  Radiation Enteritis  Crohn's Disease Illustrations  Salmonella Typhi Organism  Yersinia Enterocolitica Organism   Campylobacter Jejuni Organism  Clostridium Difficile Organism   Digestive System  Esophagus and Stomach Anatomy  Enteritis is inflammation of the small intestine. News & Features  Spanish Doctor Denies Castro Has Cancer  First Drug Solely for Crohn's Disease Gets Panel's Backing  PERSONAL HEALTH  Greene Reference from A.D.A.M. Back to TopCauses Enteritis is usually caused by eating or drinking substances that are contaminated with bacteria or viruses. The germs settle in the small intestine and cause inflammation and swelling, which may lead to abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, fever, and dehydration. Enteritis may also be caused by:  An autoimmune condition such as Crohn's disease  Certain drugs, including ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, and cocaine  Damage from radiation therapy The inflammation can also involve the stomach (gastritis) and large intestine (colitis). Risk factors include recent family illness with intestinal symptoms, recent travel, or exposure to untreated or contaminated water. Types of enteritis include:  Bacterial gastroenteritis  Campylobacter enteritis  E. coli enteritis  Food poisoning  Radiation enteritis  Salmonella enteritis  Shigella enteritis  Staph aureus food poisoning Back to TopSymptoms The symptoms may begin hours to days after you become infected. Symptoms may include:  Abdominal pain  Diarrhea - acute and severe  Loss of appetite  Vomiting - rare Back to TopExams and Tests A stool culture may be done to determine the specific type of infection, however, this test may not always identify the bacteria causing the illness. Back to TopTreatment Mild cases usually need no treatment. Antidiarrheal medication may delay the organism from leaving the digestive tract, and therefore may not be recommended. Rehydration with electrolyte solutions may be necessary if dehydration occurs. Persons with diarrhea (especially young children) who are unable to drink fluids because of nausea may need medical care and fluids through a vein ( intravenous fluids) . If you take diuretics and develop diarrhea, you may need to stop taking the diuretic during the acute episode. Do not stop taking any medicine unless told to do so by your health care provider. Back to TopOutlook (Prognosis) Symptoms usually go away without treatment in a few days. Back to TopPossible Complications  Dehydration  Prolonged diarrhea Note: The diarrhea can cause rapid and extreme dehydration in babies. Back to TopWhen to Contact a Medical Professional Call for an appointment with your health care provider if:  Dehydration develops  Diarrhea does not go away in 3 to 4 days  You have a fever over 101 degrees Fahrenheit  There is blood in the stools Back to TopPrevention  Always wash hands after using the toilet and before eating or preparing food or drink. You may also clean your hands with a 60% alcohol based product.  Avoid drinking from unknown sources, such as streams and outdoor wells, without boiling the water first.  Use only clean utensils for eating or handling foods, especially when handling eggs and poultry.  Cook food completely and properly.  Store food appropriately in coolers. Back to TopReferences DuPont HL. Approach to the patient with suspected enteric infection. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine . 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 305. Steiner TS, Guerrant RL. Principles and syndromes of enteric infection. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases . 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 93. Craig SA, Zich DK. Gastroenteritis. In: Marx JA, ed. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice . 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 92. More Information on This Topic  News & Features Review Date: 4/12/2010 Reviewed By: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; George F Longstreth, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, San Diego, California. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc. A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch). A.D.A.M. Copyright The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- 2008 A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited. SHARE  DIGG  REDDIT  TUMBLR  PERMALINK  1 PRINT 2 http%3a%2f%2fh Overview %3a%2 1154685924641 health%2enytime yqyl/+QIjKCIyVdgE-MAIL Well Awakenings Caused by Sleeping Pills December 2, 2011 Dogs and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder December 1, 2011 Depression May Slow Exercise Recovery December 1, 2011 The Doctor as Poet December 1, 2011 Lessons in Home Cooking From Star Chefs November 30, 2011 More Blog Headlines » Health & Fitness Tools BMI Calculator What's your score? » Do you have high blood pressure? LEARN MORE » MOST POPULAR - HEALTH  E-MAILED  BLOGGED Go to Complete List »Go to Complete List » Should you bet the house? ALSO IN BUSINESS »  A new shot at mortgage relief  Why a mediocre Web site is so dangerous Health Around the Web KEVIN, M.D. - MEDICAL WEBLOG Top stories in health and medicine this morning, December 5, 2011 December 5, 2011 4:15am This series is brought to you by MedPage Today. KEVIN, M.D. - MEDICAL WEBLOG The honor of patient responsibility December 4, 2011 5:00pm "So the patient has been temporarily paralyzed by the drugs, and you're the one keeping them alive by squeezing air into their lungs, but no pressure". DB'S MEDICAL RANTS Berwick reminds us how to decrease health care costs while improving care quality December 4, 2011 3:50pm Health Official Takes Parting Shot at 'Waste' The official, Dr. Powered by BlogRunner Ads by Google what's this? Ballast Water Treatment Hyde Guardian® by Hyde Marine Two-Stage, Filtration/UV process www.hydemarine.com Home  World  U.S.  N.Y. / Region  Business  Technology  Science  Health  Sports  Opinion  Arts  Style  Travel  Jobs  Real Estate  Autos  Site Map  © 2011 The New York Times Company  Privacy  Your Ad Choices  Terms of Service  Terms of Sale  Corrections  RSS  Help  Contact Us  Work for Us  Advertise ENTERITIES Introduction Inflammatory bowel disease encompasses two idiopathic, chronic, inflammatory diseases: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are disorders of unknown cause, involving genetic and immunological influence on the gastrointestinal tract’s ability to distinguish foreign from self- antigens. They share many overlapping epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics. In some patients it is not possible to distinguish which form of inflammatory bowel disease is present (Figure 2). Figure 2. Inflammatory bowel disease subsets. There are, however, important pathological and clinical differences that distinguish these inflammatory disease processes. Clinically, Crohn's disease tends to present Figure 1. Location of the colon in the body. more frequently with abdominal pain and perianal disease, whereas ulcerative colitis is more often characterized by gastrointestinal bleeding. Cobblestoning mucosa and aphthous or linear ulcers characterize the endoscopic appearance of Crohn’s disease. Ulcerative colitis presents with diffuse continuous involvement of the mucosa. Radiographic studies of patients with Crohn’s disease characteristically show fistulae, asymmetry, and ileal involvement. In contrast, radiographic studies of patients with ulcerative colitis show continuous disease without fistulizing or ileal disease. Pathologically, Crohn's disease features mucosal discontinuity, transmural involvement, and granulomas, whereas ulcerative colitis does not. Crypt abscesses and granulomas are present only in Crohn's disease. Figure 3 compares the anatomic distribution of Crohn’s disease uploads/Geographie/ health-guide.pdf